Effectiveness of substance use disorder treatment as an alternative to imprisonment

BMC Psychiatry

Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the cohort (n = 11,893)

	n (%)
Male	10,377 (87.3)
Age (mean, SD)	37.2 (13.1)
Year of sanction (mean, SD)	2006 (3.6)
Born in Sweden	10,178 (85.6)
Education level
Primary school	5182 (43.6)
High school	5478 (46.1)
University	1029 (8.6)
Unknown	204 (1.7)
Any mental disorder diagnosis	6558 (55.1)
Any substance use disorder diagnosis	5805 (48.8)
Any overdose	1373 (11.5)
Any suicidal behavior	1714 (14.4)
Previous convictions for any crime
1	608 (5.1)
2–10	4455 (37.5)
> 10	6830 (57.4)
Previous convictions for violent crime
0	4816 (40.5)
1–5	4852 (40.8)
> 5	2225 (18.7)
Previous imprisonment	3980 (33.5)

Age and education level are based on information recorded in the registers at the time of contract treatment start. Previous diagnoses, convictions, and imprisonments are based on information registered any time by contract treatment start. See Table S1 for definitions and diagnosis codes. Mental health and substance use disorder diagnoses in this table encompass a larger set of ICD codes than the outcome measures (which only include codes for acute conditions). All individuals have at least 1 conviction since receiving contract treatment requires a conviction

ISSN: 1471-244X