Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the three groups

Age, years (mean ± SD)

30.82 ± 7.94

27.93 ± 6.33

31.17 ± 7.14

2.872

0.060

Sex (M/F)

45/0

45/0

53/0

Education, years (mean ± SD)

10.22 ± 2.53

12.44 ± 3.08

12.66 ± 3.08

9.985

< 0.001

Marital status (n,%)

Single

36 (80.0)

39 (86.7)

27 (71.3)

22.481

< 0.001

Married

5 (11.1)

4 (8.9)

23 (22.4)

Divorced

4 (8.9)

2 (4.4)

3 (6.3)

DDDs, mg (mean ± SD)

6.77 ± 7.74

10.18 ± 8.80

-

-1.948

0.055

Duration of illness, months (mean ± SD)

75.36 ± 59.19

57.09 ± 56.71

-

1.496

0.138

Age of onset, years (mean ± SD)

23.59 ± 6.74

22.90 ± 6.99

-

0.463

0.644

Hospitalization history (n,%)

1.169

0.280

Yes

15 (33.3)

20 (44.4)

-

No

30 (66.7)

25 (55.6)

-

On treatment (n,%)

-

1.813

0.178

Yes

34 (75.6)

39 (86.7)

-

2.500

0.114

No

11 (24.4)

3 (13.3)

-

MOAS score

21.27 ± 5.56

2.92 ± 4.25

0.11 ± 0.31

324.19

< 0.001

PANSS score

Positive

14.98 ± 4.78

14.73 ± 3.43

-

0.279

0.781

Negative

17.44 ± 6.90

14.93 ± 5.94

-

1.85

0.068

Disorganization

6.58 ± 3.58

7.11 ± 3.23

-

-0.742

0.469

Depression

4.13 ± 1.58

4.96 ± 2.37

-

-1.936

0.056

Excitement

12.07 ± 4.60

6.76 ± 2.79

-

6.618

< 0.001

Impulsiveness

5.04 ± 2.41

1.78 ± 1.13

8.233

< 0.001