Table 1 Participants characteristics and levels of measured variables
Variables | Mean (SD)/N (%) |
|---|---|
Age, year | 14 (4.36) |
Gender | |
Boy | 94 (46.8) |
Girl | 107 (53.2) |
Residence | |
Urban area | 90 (44.8) |
Rural area | 113 (55.2) |
Monthly family income, $ | |
< 700 | 85 (42.3) |
≥700 | 116 (57.7) |
Single-child family | |
Yes | 98 (48.8) |
No | 103 (51.2) |
Therapy method | |
Insulin pen | 136 (67.7) |
Insulin pump | 65 (32.3) |
Diabetes duration, year | 4.36 (3.35) |
Daily total insulin dosage, IU | 35.71 (16.93) |
HbA1c, % | 7.79 (1.82) |
Peer support | |
Time 1 | 15.92 (6.00) |
Time 2 | 16.01 (5.17) |
Peer stress | |
Time 1 | 7.35 (5.88) |
Time 2 | 7.45 (5.57) |
Positive coping | |
Time 1 | 26.43 (7.97) |
Time 2 | 27.00 (7.34) |
Diabetes distress | |
Time 1 | 7.04 (4.71) |
Time 2 | 7.04 (4.49) |
Health-related quality of life | |
Time 1 | 63.27 (10.63) |
Time 2 | 61.50 (13.05) |