Table 4 Visual analogue scale measurements of female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery

VAS -1 (immediately post-operative)

 Mean ± SD.

1.64^a ± 1.88

1.64^a ± 1.93

1.67^a ± 1.51

7.0 ± 1.39

77.743^b

<0.001^b

 Median (Min. – Max.)

1 (0 – 9)

1 (0 – 6)

2 (0 – 5)

7 (5 – 9)

VAS -2 (1 H^c PO^d)

 Mean ± SD.

1.78^a ± 1.22

1.92^a ± 1.32

2.03^a ± 0.97

5.25 ± 1.48

73.003^b

<0.001^b

 Median (Min. – Max.)

1.50(0 – 4)

2 (0 – 4)

2 (0 – 4)

5 (3 – 8)

VAS -3 (2H PO)

 Mean ± SD.

2.06^a ± 0.92

2.08^a ± 1.02

2.14^a ± 0.93

5.78 ± 1.40

79.501^b

<0.001^b

 Median (Min. – Max.)

2 (1 – 4)

2 (0 – 4)

2 (0 – 4)

6 (3 – 8)

VAS -4 (3H PO)

 Mean ± SD.

2.47^a ± 0.94

2.36^a ± 1.17

2.47^a ± 1.18

4.81 ± 1.14

63.022^b

<0.001^b

 Median (Min. – Max.)

2 (1 – 4)

2 (1 – 6)

3 (0 – 4)

5 (3 – 7)

VAS -5 (4H PO)

 Mean ± SD.

2.58^a ± 1.0

2.53^a ± 1.36

1.36^a ± 1.30

5.44 ± 1.05

68.903^b

<0.001^b

 Median (Min. – Max.)

2 (1 – 5)

2 (1 – 6)

2.5 (0 – 4)

6 (4 – 7)

VAS -6 (10H PO)

 Mean ± SD.

3.08^a ± 1.34

3.69^a ± 1.12

2.17^a ± 1.32

4.36 ± 0.96

49.707^b

<0.001^b

 Median (Min. – Max.)

3 (1 – 6)

4 (2 – 6)

2 (0 – 6)

4 (3 – 6)

VAS -7 (16 H PO)

 Mean ± SD.

2.22^a ± 1.10

3.25^a ± 1.13

2.11^a ± 0.89

4.25 ± 0.97

65.201^b

<0.001^b

 Median (Min. – Max.)

2 (1 – 6)

3 (1 – 5)

2 (0 – 3)

4 (3 – 6)

VAS -8 (24H PO)

 Mean ± SD.

2.03^a ± 1.03

2.53^a ± 1.11

1.97^a ± 1.06

4.14 ± 0.87

60.126^b

<0.001^b

 Median (Min. – Max.)

2 (1 – 5)

2 (1 – 5)

2 (0 – 4)

4 (3 – 6)

Percent Increase from VAS 1 – 8

24.71 ± 67.05

32.17 ± 87.27

16.60 ± 46.61

-37.48 ± 22.31

29.642^b

<0.001^b

p₁=0.971,p₂=0.966,p₃<0.001^b,p₄=0.997,p₅<0.001^b,p₆<0.001^b