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Table 1 Descriptive statistics and background factors of depression and anxiety

From: Perceived risk of COVID-19 hurts mental health: the mediating role of fear of COVID-19 and the moderating role of resilience

 

n (%)

Depression (PHQ-9 score)

Anxiety (GAD-7 score)

Mean (SD)

β (SE)

Mean (SD)

β (SE)

Sex

     

Male

194 (20.7)

6.24 (5.65)

Reference

3.80 (4.41)

Reference

Female

741 (79.3)

6.92 (5.66)

0.05 (0.46)

4.06 (4.57)

0.02 (0.36)

Age

     

≤ 40

448 (47.9)

7.69 (5.08)

Reference

4.63 (4.59)

Reference

> 40

487 (52.1)

4.38 (4.73)

-0.10** (0.42)

2.32 (4.08)

-0.09** (0.34)

Educational level

     

Middle school or below

251 (26.8)

6.10 (5.66)

Reference

3.52 (4.12)

Reference

High school or equal

289 (30.9)

6.85 (5.74)

0.06 (0.49)

3.94 (4.70)

0.04 (0.39)

College or above

395 (42.2)

7.14 (5.58)

0.09* (0.46)

4.35 (4.65)

0.09* (0.37)

Religious belief status

     

Yes

313 (33.5)

6.70 (5.79)

Reference

3.92 (4.42)

Reference

No

622 (66.5)

6.82 (5.61)

0.01 (0.39)

4.04 (4.60)

0.01 (0.32)

Family economic status

     

Very poor/poor

546 (58.4)

6.97 (5.67)

Reference

4.14 (4.43)

Reference

Average

356 (8.1)

5.56 (5.62)

-0.04 (0.39)

3.82 (4.67)

-0.03 (0.31)

Good/very good

33 (3.5)

5.88 (5.98)

-0.04 (0.40)

3.73 (4.86)

-0.02 (0.81)

Medical background

     

Yes

110 (11.8)

7.85 (5.80)

Reference

4.62 (4.88)

Reference

No

825 (88.2)

6.63 (5.63)

-0.07* (0.57)

3.92 (4.49)

-0.05 (0.46)

Marriage status

     

Currently married

844 (90.3)

6.65 (5.68)

Reference

3.89 (4.47)

Reference

Others (unmarried, divorce, separation)

91 (9.7)

7.97 (5.43)

0.07* (0.62)

5.27 (5.10)

0.08* (0.50)

Physical status

     

Healthy

861 (92.1)

6.68 (5.66)

Reference

3.89 (4.47)

Reference

Others (having chronic disease, pregnancy, having serious illness)

74 (7.9)

7.93 (5.64)

0.10* (0.69)

5.27 (5.10)

0.08* (0.50)

Depression

     

No

365 (39.1)

    

Mild to moderate (PHQ-9 = 5–9)

348 (37.2)

    

Moderate to severe (PHQ-9 ≥ 10)

222 (23.7)

    

Anxiety

     

No

560 (59.9)

    

Mild to moderate (GAD-7 = 5–9)

286 (30.6)

    

Moderate to severe (GAD-7 ≥ 10)

89 (9.5)

    
  1. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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