Table 3 Summary of characteristics identified from included studies reporting CGI-S score

Prior treatment with OAP

Risperidone (RIS)

Schreiner 2014 [44]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

191

Baseline: 3.8 ± 0.9; Endpoint: 3.0 ± 1.0; Change: -0.8 ± 0.9

Si 2016 [45]

Pre-post trial (NCT01685931)

263

Baseline: 5.2 ± 0.7; Change: -1.8 ± 1.3

Sliwa 2011 [29]

Post hoc RCT (NCT00590577)

106

Baseline: 4.58 ± 0.69; Change: -0.99 ± 1.45

Olanzapine (OLA)

Schreiner 2014 [44]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

87

Baseline: 3.7 ± 1.0; Endpoint: 3.3 ± 1.2; Change: -0.4 ± 1.1

Si 2016 [45]

Pre-post trial (NCT01685931)

52

Baseline: 5.3 ± 0.7; Change: -1.7 ± 1.3

Aripiprazole (ARI)

Schreiner 2014 [44]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

46

Baseline: 4.1 ± 0.8; Endpoint: 3.5 ± 1.0; Change: -0.6 ± 1.1

Paliperidone extended-release (Pali ER)

Schreiner 2014 [44]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

104

Baseline: 3.9 ± 0.9; Endpoint: 3.4 ± 1.1; Change: -0.6 ± 1.1

Quetiapine (QUE)

Schreiner 2014 [44]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

44

Baseline: 3.9 ± 0.9; Endpoint: 3.4 ± 1.0; Change: -0.5 ± 1.1

Other (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, penfluridol, perphenazine, sulpiride, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, amisulpride, quetiapine fumarate, amisulpride, clozapine)

Si 2016 [45]

Pre-post trial (NCT01685931)

293

Baseline: 5.3 ± 0.7; Change: -1.9 ± 1.3

Ethnicity

Asia-Pacific region patients

Zhang 2015 [48]

Pre-post trial (NCT01051531)

521

Baseline: 3.4 ± 1.10; Change: -0.8 ± 1.35

Asian patients

Li 2016 [38]

Pre-post trial (NCT01527305)

212

Baseline: 4.9 ± 0.79; Change: -1.4 ± 1.33

Chinese Patients

Zhang 2015 [46]

Pre-post trial (NCT01051531)

108

Baseline: 3.8 ± 1.15; Change: -1.2 ± 1.54

Si 2016 [45]

Pre-post trial (NCT01685931)

608

Baseline: 5.26 ± 0.70; Change: -1.84 ± 1.30

Stage of disease

Acute Patients

Peitl 2022 [42]

Observational study

112

Baseline: 5.2 ± 0.8; Endpoint: 2.6 ± 0.5

Schreiner 2014 [36]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

212

Baseline: 5.0 ± 0.8; LOCF Endpoint: 3.5 ± 1.3; Change: -1.5 ± 1.3

Li 2016 [38]

Pre-post trial (NCT01527305)

212

Baseline: 4.9 ± 0.79; Change: -1.4 ± 1.33

Si 2016 [45]

Pre-post trial (NCT01685931)

608

Baseline: 5.26 ± 0.70; Change: -1.84 ± 1.30

Sliwa 2011 [29]

Post hoc RCT (NCT00590577)

106

Baseline: 4.58 ± 0.69; Change: -0.99 ± 1.45

Stable Patients

Bozzatello 2018 [34]

RCT (ACTRN12618001113246)

33

Baseline: 4.90 ± 0.82; Endpoint: 4.16 ± 1.21

Schreiner 2014 [44]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

472

Baseline: 3.84 ± 0.90; Endpoint: 3.23 ± 1.05; Change: -0.63 ± 1.02

Schreiner 2014 [43]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

593

Baseline: 3.9 ± 0.9; Change: -0.6 ± 1.0; LOCF Endpoint: 3.3 ± 1.1

Duration of illness (DI)

DI ≤ 3 years

Kim 2021 [6]

Observational study

240

The change in CGI-S score was significantly different according to the DI and those with DI less than 3 years showed the most improvement in the aspect of clinical symptoms (DI, p<0.001; week, p<0.001; DI*week, p=0.013)*

3 < DI ≤10 years

Kim 2021 [6]

Observational study

442

DI > 10 years

Kim 2021 [6]

Observational study

484

≤5 years

Li 2016 [47]

Pre-post trial (NCT01527305)

88

Baseline: 5 ± 0.70; Endpoint: 3.2 ± 1.15; Change: -1.8 ± 1.25*

Zhang 2015 [48]

Pre-post trial (NCT01051531)

521

Baseline: 3.4 ± 1.10; Change: -0.8 ± 1.35

>5 years

Li 2016 [47]

Pre-post trial (NCT01527305)

124

Baseline: 4.8 ± 0.85; Endpoint: 3.7 ± 1.32; Change: -1.1 ± 1.32*

Reason for switching PP1M

Switched for Lack of Efficacy

Schreiner 2014 [43]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

144

Change: -0.6 ± 0.9

Switched for Other Reasons

Schreiner 2014 [43]

Pre-post trial (NCT01281527)

449

Change: -0.6 ± 1.1

Time of start injection of PP1M

≤1 week

Li 2016 [37]

Observational study

121

Baseline: 4.9 ± 0.78; Change: -1.5 ± 1.21

>1 week

Li 2016 [37]

Observational study

91

Baseline: 4.9 ± 0.82; Change: -1.3 ± 1.48