Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of participants according to working in COVID-19 area or not (n = 1030)

Age (years)

Mean ± SD

38.88 ± 9.63

38.30 ± 8.8

40.55 ± 11.38

0.001*

Range

(21–74)

(22–66)

(21–74)

Gender

Male (%)

560 (54.4)

420 (55.0)

140 (52.4)

0.461

Female (%)

470 (45.6)

343 (45.0)

127 (47.6)

Marital status

Single (%)

262 (25.4)

192 (25.2)

70 (26.2)

0.927

Married (%)

731 (71.0)

543 (71.2)

188 (70.4)

Divorce/ Widowed (%)

37 (3.6)

28 (3.7)

9 (3.4)

Having children

Yes (%)

654 (63.5)

478 (62.6)

176 (65.9)

0.339

No (%)

376 (36.5)

285 (37.4)

91 (34.1)

Job position

Nurse (%)

279 (27.1)

215 (28.2)

64 (24.0)

0.378

Physician (%)

562 (54.6)

415 (54.4)

147 (55.1)

Therapist (%)

74 (7.2)

54 (7.1)

20 (7.5)

Others (%)

115 (11.2)

79 (10.4)

36 (13.5)

Specialty

Anesthesiology (%)

109 (10.6)

78/ (10.2)

31 (11.6)

 < 0.001*

Internal medicine (%)

185 (18.0)

119 (15.6)

66 (24.7)

Critical care (%)

332/ (32.2)

294 (38.5)

38 (14.2)

Surgery (%)

25 (2.4)

16 (2.1)

9 (3.4)

Emergency (%)

118 (11.5)

102 (13.4)

16 (6.0)

Others (%)

261 (25.3)

154 (20.2)

107 (40.1)

Education levels

Bachelors (%)

435 (42.2)

327 (42.9)

108 (40.4)

0.008*

Masters (%)

227 (22.0)

173 (22.7)

54 (20.2)

PhDs (%)

78 (7.6)

45 (5.9)

33 (12.4)

Medical degree (MD) (%)

290 (28.2)

218 (28.6)

72 (27.0)

Work experience as HCW

 ≤ 6 years (%)

568 (55.1)

419 (54.9)

149 (55.8)

0.801

 > 6 years (%)

462 (44.9)

344 (45.1)

118 (44.2)

Working hours per week

 ≤ 27 h. (%)

517 (50.2)

369 (48.4)

148 (55.4)

0.047*

 > 27 h. (%)

513 (49.8)

394 (51.6)

119 (44.6)

Directly working with COVID-19 patients

Yes (%)

692 (62.7)

692 (90.7)

0

 < 0.001*

No (%)

338 (32.8)

71 (9.3)

267 (100)

Work experience with COVID-19 patients

No

267 (25.9)

0

267 (100)

 < 0.001*

 ≤ 9 months

403 (39.1)

403 (52.8)

0

 > 9 months

360 (35.0)

360 (47.2)

0

Received specific training for COVID-19

Yes (%)

435 (42.2)

337 (44.2)

98 (36.7)

0.034*

No (%)

595 (57.8)

426 (55.8)

169 (63.3)

Working hours per week during the pandemic

 ≤ 29 h. (%)

550 (53.4)

367 (48.1)

183 (68.5)

 < 0.001*

 > 29 h. (%)

480 (46.6)

396 (51.9)

84 (31.5)

Taking care of COVID-19 patients in the last 24 h

Yes (%)

368 (35.7)

368 (48.2)

0

 < 0.001*

No (%)

662 (64.3)

395 (51.8)

267 (100)

Last time caring for COVID-19 patients

Never (%)

322 (31.2)

55 (7.2)

267 (100)

 < 0.001*

Last month (%)

627 (60.9)

627 (82.2)

0

 ≥ 3 months (%)

81 (7.9)

81 (10.6)

0

History of mental illness

Yes (%)

87 (8.4)

69 (9.0)

18 (6.7)

0.244

No (%)

943 (91.6)

694 (91.0)

249 (93.3)

Current use of medication for mental illness

Yes (%)

56 (5.4)

39 (5.1)

17 (6.4)

0.436

No (%)

974 (94.6)

724 (94.9)

250 (93.6)

Family history of mental illness

Yes (%)

118 (11.5)

83 (10.9)

35 (13.1)

0325

No (%)

912 (88.5)

680 (89.1)

232 (86.9)