Table 2 Overview of neurobehavioral intervention-by-time effects in substance use disorders
Author, Year | Behavior changes pre-post MBI vs. control | fMRI | Brain changes pre-to-post MBI vs. control intervention | Brain-behavior associations | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Substance use | Mindfulness/other | Task | Analysis | Function | Direction, region | Cohen’s d | p, correction | Z or t | ||
Fahmy, Wasfi (26) |  |  | Rest (eyes closed) | Whole brain ICA (DMN) | Connectivity | ↓ IFG (right, aDMN) |  | P < .05 FDR-corrected | Z = 4.72 | Collapsed groups: Neg. Cor. FMI & rIFG connectivity |
Janes, Datko (28) | = Cigs/day |  | Cue reactivity (nicotine vs. neutral) | ROI (PCC) | Activity | = PCC cue-reactivity | 0.02 | P < .05 permutation -corrected |  |  |
Froeliger, Mathew (27) | ↓ Cigs/week = Craving & urge to smoke change (SJWQ), breath carbon monoxide | ↑ positive affect (PANAS) = negative affect (PANAS), affect (VAS) | Emotion (positive vs. neutral) | Whole brain | Activity | ↑ Striatum (VS/caudate), ACC (rostral/vmPFC) | 2.13–2.66 | P < .05 montecarlo -corrected | Z = 2.9–3.5 | Collapsed groups: Pos. Cor. Magnitude smoking reduction, ventral striatum & rACC Neg. Cor. Urge to smoke & ventral striatum N.S. Cor. trend urge to smoke & rACC Pos. Cor. positive affect & rACC N.S. Cor. trend observed for positive affect & ventral striatum |
Cue reactivity (nicotine vs. neutral) | Whole brain | Activity | ↓ Striatum (VS/caudate), ACC (rostral/vmPFC) | 1.57–1.7 | Z = 2.1–2.3 |  | ||||
Seeds from emotion & cue reactivity tasks | Seed-whole brain (rACC) | Connectivity | ↑ ACC (rostral OFC) | 2.69 |  F = 19.8 | Collapsed groups: Pos. Cor. Magnitude smoking reduction, positive affect & rACC-OFC connectivity | ||||
Kober, Brewer (29)* | ↓ Cigs/day (group*time) = Craving (VAS) | = Stress (VAS) | Stress reactivity (stress vs. neutral – verbal scenarios) | Whole brain | Activity | ↓ Striatum (putamen), cerebellum, insula (ant/mid/post), amygdala, hippocampus, para-hippocampus, thalamus, midbrain | 1.03–1.10 | P < .05 FWE-corrected | t = 3.97–5.72 | MT: Pos. Cor. Cigs/day & insula (ant), amygdala, para-hippocampus FFS: N.S. Cor. Cigs/day & insula (ant), amygdala, para-hippocampus |
| Â | Insula (ant), amygdala, para-hippocampus | Â | Â | Â | Combined groups: Pos. Cor. Cigs/day reduction & activity (amygdala, ant/mid/post insula, hippocampus, para-hippocampus, thalamus, mid occipital, midbrain, cerebellum, cuneus/precuneus, PCC) | |||||
Tang, Tang (9)* | = Craving (group*time) ↓ carbon monoxide (group*time) |  | Rest (eyes closed) | Whole brain (fALFF) | Activity | ↓ Cerebellum, precuneus/PCC/BA31 |  | P < .05 montecarlo -corrected | t = (-3.91)-(-4.10) |  |
Westbrook, Creswell (2)* | ↓ Craving (VAS) | ↓ stress (VAS) | Cue reactivity (neutral vs. cigarette) | Whole brain | Activity | Passive view cigs > neutral: ↑ ACC (ventral/mFG), precuneus ↓ fusiform Mindful > passive view cigs: ↓ ACC (subgenual/vmPFC) |  | P < .05 montecarlo -corrected | t = 3.58–4.90 |  |
Seed-whole brain (sgACC) PPI | Connectivity | Mindful > passive view cigs: ↓ Striatum (VS/caudate), precuneus, insula, MFG, parietal (inferior), premotor |  | t = (-4.15)–(-5.38) |  | |||||