a. Unadjusted moderation | Norwegian sample (n = 1225) | German-speaking sample (n = 1527) | ||||
Regression analysis 1: Internal locus of control (LoC I) | ||||||
 | Coeff (SE) [95% CI] | t | p | Coeff (SE) [95% CI] | t | p |
Intercept | 2.49 (0.05) [2.38; 2.59] | 46.93 | <.001 | 3.46 (0.06) [3.35; 3.57] | 59.45 | <.001 |
COVID-19 stress (IV) | 1.72 (0.07) [1.59; 1.85] | 26.31 | <.001 | 1.63 (0.07) [1.50; 1.76] | 24.66 | <.001 |
LoC I (Mod) | −0.21 (0.06) [−0.33; − 0.09] | −3.40 | <.001 | − 0.75 (0.07) [− 0.89; − 0.61] | −10.32 | <.001 |
COVID-19 stress x LoC I | −0.22 (0.07) [− 0.35; − 0.09] | −3.23 | .001 | −0.23 (0.07) [− 0.36; − 0.10] | −3.39 | <.001 |
Regression analysis 2: External locus of control (LoC E) | ||||||
 | Coeff (SE) [95% CI] | t | p | Coeff (SE) [95% CI] | t | p |
Intercept | 2.44 (0.05) [2.33; 2.54] | 45.13 | <.001 | 3.43 (0.06) [3.32; 3.55] | 57.87 | <.001 |
COVID-19 stress (IV) | 1.58 (0.07) [1.45; 1.71] | 23.18 | <.001 | 1.55 (0.07) [1.42; 1.68] | 22.99 | <.001 |
LoC E (Mod) | 0.39 (0.07) [0.25; 0.54] | 5.28 | <.001 | 0.71 (0.07) [0.57; 0.84] | 10.05 | <.001 |
COVID-19 stress x LoC E | 0.35 (0.08) [0.20; 0.50] | 4.65 | <.001 | 0.27 (0.07) [0.13; 0.41] | 3.83 | <.001 |
b. Adjusted moderation | Norwegian sample (n = 1205) | German-speaking sample (n = 1516) | ||||
Regression analysis 1: Internal locus of control (LoC I) | ||||||
 | Coeff (SE) [95% CI] | t | p | Coeff (SE) [95% CI] | t | p |
Intercept | 3.84 (0.36) [3.14; 4.55] | 10.69 | <.001 | 4.24 (0.34) [3.57; 4.90] | 12.51 | <.001 |
COVID-19 stress (IV) | 1.63 (0.07) [1.50; 1.76] | 24.66 | <.001 | 1.52 (0.07) [1.39; 1.66] | 22.32 | <.001 |
LoC I (Mod) | −0.26 (0.06) [−0.38; −0.14] | −4.30 | <.001 | −0.84 (0.08) [−0.99; −0.70] | −11.21 | <.001 |
COVID-19 stress x LoC I | −0.20 (0.07) [− 0.33; − 0.06] | −2.91 | .004 | −0.23 (0.07) [− 0.36; − 0.10] | −3.44 | <.001 |
Age (years) | −0.02 (0.01) [− 0.03; − 0.01] | − 4.04 | <.001 | −0.01 (0.01) [− 0.02; − 0.00] | − 2.55 | .011 |
Gender a) | 0.21 (0.12) [− 0.03; 0.44] | 1.75 | .080 | 0.00 (0.12) [− 0.24; 0.25] | 0.03 | .979 |
Relationship status b) | 0.01 (0.13) [−0.25; 0.26] | 0.04 | .969 | 0.06 (0.14) [−0.22; 0.33] | 0.40 | .689 |
Children c) | −0.22 (0.16) [− 0.53; 0.09] | −1.39 | .166 | − 0.31 (0.16) [− 0.62; 0.01] | −1.88 | .060 |
Living together status d) | − 0.26 (0.16) [− 0.58; 0.06] | − 1.62 | .105 | −0.00 (0.17) [− 0.33; 0.33] | −0.02 | .983 |
Education e) | −0.45 (0.16) [− 0.77; − 0.14] | − 2.82 | .005 | −0.33 (0.12) [− 0.57; − 0.10] | − 2.81 | .005 |
Regression analysis 2: External locus of control (LoC E) | ||||||
 | Coeff (SE) [95% CI] | t | p | Coeff (SE) [95% CI] | t | p |
Intercept | 3.65 (0.36) [2.95; 4.34] | 10.28 | <.001 | 4.23 (0.34) [3.56; 4.90] | 12.44 | <.001 |
COVID-19 stress (IV) | 1.50 (0.07) [1.37; 1.64] | 21.81 | <.001 | 1.46 (0.07) [1.32; 1.59] | 20.82 | <.001 |
LoC E (Mod) | 0.39 (0.07) [0.25; 0.54] | 5.31 | <.001 | 0.75 (0.07) [0.61; 0.89] | 10.51 | <.001 |
COVID-19 stress x LoC E | 0.37 (0.08) [0.22; 0.51] | 4.88 | <.001 | 0.28 (0.07) [0.15; 0.42] | 3.99 | <.001 |
Age (years) | −0.02 (0.01) [−0.03; −0.01] | −3.73 | <.001 | −0.01 (0.01) [− 0.02; 0.001] | −1.83 | .067 |
Gender a) | 0.24 (0.12) [0.01; 0.47] | 2.01 | .045 | −0.02 (0.13) [− 0.27; 0.22] | −0.18 | .855 |
Relationship status b) | 0.02 (0.13) [−0.23; 0.27] | 0.16 | .870 | 0.05 (0.14) [−0.22; 0.33] | 0.38 | .706 |
Children c) | −0.22 (0.16) [− 0.53; 0.08] | −1.44 | .151 | − 0.37 (0.16) [− 0.69; − 0.05] | −2.30 | .022 |
Living together status d) | −0.30 (0.16) [− 0.61; 0.02] | −1.86 | .063 | −0.24 (0.17) [− 0.57; 0.09] | −1.43 | .153 |
Education e) | −0.41 (0.16) [− 0.72; − 0.10] | −2.60 | .009 | −0.18 (0.12) [− 0.42; 0.05] | −1.55 | .123 |