Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants before matching
Group 1 (121) | Group 2 (175) | Effect Size | t, z, or Chi-square | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 41.8 ± 9.2 | 35.1 ± 10.6 | 0.675 | −5.600 a | < 0.001 |
Education years (year) | 11.9 ± 4.0 | 13.1 ± 3.7 | 0.311 | 2.588 a | 0.010 |
Sex (male) (%) | 39 (32.2) | 52 (29.7) | 0.027 | 0.213 b | 0.645 |
Occupation (%) | |||||
Full-time or part-time | 83 (68.6) | 127 (72.6) | |||
Unemployed or retired | 38 (31.4) | 48 (27.4) | 0.043 | 0.549 b | 0.459 |
Nature of work (%) | |||||
Mental talents labor | 58 (47.9) | 117 (66.9) | |||
Physical labor | 39 (32.2) | 33 (18.9) | |||
Both | 24 (19.9) | 25 (14.3) | 0.192 | 10.924 b | 0.004 |
Marital status (%) | |||||
Married or remarried | 101 (83.5) | 107 (61.1) | |||
Divorced or widowed or single | 20 (16.5) | 68 (38.9) | 0.240 | 17.072 b | < 0.001 |
Living situation (%) | |||||
Living alone | 12 (9.9) | 15 (8.6) | |||
With parents or spouse | 31 (25.6) | 66 (37.7) | |||
With spouse and child | 9 (7.4) | 35 (20.0) | |||
Other | 69 (57.1) | 59 (33.7) | 0.259 | 19.919 b | < 0.001 |
Independence (%) | |||||
Independent | 115 (95.0) | 156 (89.1) | |||
Need assistance | 6 (5.0) | 19 (10.9) | 0.104 | 3.219 b | 0.073 |
Childhood trauma (%) | |||||
Yes | 39 (32.2) | 71 (40.6) | 0.085 | 2.131 b | 0.144 |
Religion (%) | |||||
No | 117 (96.7) | 158 (90.3) | 0.123 | 4.457 b | 0.035 |
Smoking history (%) | |||||
Never | 89 (73.6) | 136 (77.7) | |||
Quit smoking | 11 (9.0) | 7 (4.0) | |||
Smoking now | 21 (17.4) | 32 (18.3) | 0.105 | 3.246 b | 0.197 |
Alcohol use (%) | |||||
Never | 89 (73.6) | 106 (60.6) | |||
Quit drinking | 10 (8.3) | 5 (2.8) | |||
Drinking now | 22 (18.1) | 64 (36.6) | 0.220 | 14.284 c | 0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | |||||
Yes | 14 (11.6) | 10 (5.7) | 0.105 | 3.293 b | 0.070 |
Diabetes (%) | |||||
Yes | 7 (5.8) | 4 (2.3) | 0.091 | 2.448 c | 0.131 |
Hyperlipidemia (%) | |||||
Yes | 9 (7.4) | 18 (10.3) | 0.049 | 0.700 b | 0.403 |
First degree relatives (%) | |||||
Yes | 20 (16.5) | 33 (18.9) | 0.030 | 0.264 b | 0.608 |
Duration of MDD (months) | 6.0 (2.0, 12.0) | 6.0 (3.0, 21.0) | −1.513 d | 0.130 | |
BMI (%) | 0.144 | 6.157 b | 0.104 | ||
Low weight | 11 (9.1) | 18 (10.3) | |||
Normal | 59 (48.8) | 107 (61.1) | |||
Overweight | 41 (33.8) | 42 (24.0) | |||
Obesity | 10 (8.3) | 8 (4.6) | |||
HAMD anxiety subscale | 5.8 ± 2.2 | 6.1 ± 1.8 | 0.149 | 0.972 a | 0.332 |
HAMD weight subscale | 0.0 (0.0, 2.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 1.0) | −3.422 d | 0.001 | |
HAMD cognition subscale | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 0.057 | 0.493 a | 0.623 |
HAMD retard subscale | 6.8 ± 1.7 | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 0.171 | − 1.534 a | 0.126 |
HAMA somatic anxiety | 13.4 ± 4.1 | 13.2 ± 3.7 | 0.051 | − 0.544 a | 0.687 |
HAMA psychological anxiety | 6.9 ± 4.3 | 7.5 ± 4.2 | 0.141 | 1.182 a | 0.238 |