Advancing research to eliminate mental illness stigma: an interventional study to improve community attitudes towards depression among University students in Singapore

Table 4 Estimates of Linear Mixed Models examining the effect of the intervention on subscales of the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill scale

	Authoritarianism			Benevolence			Community Mental Health Ideology
	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p
Time	−4.85	-5.87 − -3.83	< 0.001	1.51	0.97–2.05	< 0.001	3.82	3.16–4.49	< 0.001
Time²	2.10	1.63–2.58	< 0.001	− 0.63	− 0.90 – − 0.35	< 0.001	−1.67	−2.00 – −1.33	< 0.001
Age (Years)	0.18	− 0.13 – 0.49	0.25	− 0.03	− 0.21 – 0.14	0.71	0.08	− 0.12 – 0.27	0.43
Gender
Female	ref			ref			ref
Male	1.15	−0.32 – 2.61	0.12	−0.79	−1.61 – 0.03	0.60	− 1.19	−2.10 – − 0.27	0.01
Ethnicity
Chinese	ref			ref			ref
Others	0.01	−1.79 – 1.81	0.99	0.88	−0.13 – 1.89	0.09	0.66	−0.47 – 1.79	0.25
Nationality
Singaporean/PR	ref			ref			ref
Student Visa	1.73	−0.06 – 3.53	0.58	−0.57	−1.58 – 0.44	0.27	−1.23	−2.35 – − 0.11	0.03
Family or friends with mental illness
No	ref			ref			ref
Yes	−5.10	−6.51 – −3.68	< 0.001	2.33	1.52–3.13	< 0.001	2.46	1.58–3.35	< 0.001
Past experience in mental health field
No	ref			ref			ref
Yes	−3.33	−4.92 – −1.75	< 0.001	1.38	0.49–2.27	0.002	1.40	0.41–2.40	0.01
Interaction terms
Time* Family or friends with mental illness	0.85	0.18–1.53	0.01
Time² * Family or friends with mental illness				−0.34	−0.52 – −0.16	< 0.001	−0.22	−0.45 – − 0.002	0.048

ISSN: 1471-244X