Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to cognitive function
Characteristics | N (%) | Mild cognitive impairment | p-valve | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No (%) | Yes (%) | |||
Total | 3242 (100.00) | 2641 (81.46) | 601 (18.54) | Â |
Age |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
  < 75 | 2499 (77.08) | 2127 (80.54) | 372 (61.90) |  |
  ≥ 75 | 743 (22.92) | 514 (19.46) | 229 (38.10) |  |
Gender |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Male | 1181 (36.43) | 1009 (38.21) | 172 (28.62) |  |
 Female | 2061 (63.57) | 1632 (61.79) | 429 (71.38) |  |
Education |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Illiteracy | 1353 (41.73) | 1005 (38.05) | 384 (58.90) |  |
 Primary school | 1257 (38.77) | 1107 (41.92) | 150 (26.96) |  |
 Junior high school or above | 632 (19.49) | 529 (20.03) | 103 (17.14) |  |
Marital status |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Married | 2415 (74.49) | 2065 (78.19) | 350 (58.24) |  |
 Unmarried/widowed/divorced | 827 (25.51) | 576 (21.81) | 251 (41.76) |  |
Household income |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Quartile 1 (the poorest) | 816 (25.17) | 589 (22.30) | 227 (37.77) |  |
 Quartile 2 | 803 (24.77) | 660 (24.99) | 143 (23.79) |  |
 Quartile 3 | 809 (24.95) | 692 (26.20) | 117 (19.47) |  |
 Quartile 4 (the richest) | 814 (25.11) | 700 (26.51) | 114 (18.97) |  |
Cigarette smoking, yes | 1003 (30.94) | 846 (32.03) | 157 (26.12) | 0.005 |
Alcohol consumption, yes | 922 (28.44) | 782 (29.61) | 140 (23.29) | 0.002 |
Physical activity |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 High level | 1322 (40.78) | 1169 (44.26) | 153 (25.46) |  |
 Moderate level | 1358 (41.89) | 1074 (40.67) | 284 (47.25) |  |
 Low level | 562 (17.33) | 398 (15.07) | 164 (27.29) |  |
ADL |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Normal | 2849 (87.88) | 2383 (90.23) | 466 (77.54) |  |
 Impaired | 393 (12.12) | 258 (9.77) | 135 (22.46) |  |
Mental health |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Good | 1845 (56.91) | 1557(58.95) | 288 (47.92) |  |
 General | 637 (19.65) | 516(19.54) | 121 (20.13) |  |
 Worse | 515 (15.89) | 391(14.80) | 124 (20.63) |  |
 Bad | 245 (7.55) | 177(6.71) | 68 (11.32) |  |
Hypertension, yes | 1478 (45.59) | 1206 (45.66) | 272 (45.26) | 0.857 |
Diabetes, yes | 389 (12.00) | 331 (12.53) | 58 (9.65) | 0.050 |
Hyperlipidemia, yes | 146 (4.50) | 123 (4.66) | 23 (3.83) | 0.376 |
Coronary heart disease, yes | 572 (17.64) | 468 (17.72) | 104 (17.30) | 0.809 |
Cerebrovascular disease, yes | 202 (6.23) | 160 (6.06) | 42 (6.99) | 0.395 |
BMI | 24.31 (3.92) | 24.54 (3.89) | 23.29 (3.86) | < 0.001 |
 Low BMI | 165 (5.09) | 105 (3.98) | 60 (9.98) |  |
 Normal BMI | 1397 (43.09) | 1107 (41.92) | 290 (48.25) |  |
 Elevated BMI | 1160 (35.78) | 972 (36.80) | 188 (31.28) |  |
 High BMI | 520 (16.04) | 457 (17.30) | 63 (10.49) |  |
MMSE scores, Mean (SD) | 22.91 (5.11) | 24.63 (3.54) | 15.35 (3.90) | < 0.001 |
 2–17 | 406 (12.52) | – | 406 (67.55) |  |
 18–20 | 372 (11.47) | 251 (9.50) | 121 (20.13) |  |
 21–24 | 759 (23.41) | 685 (25.94) | 74 (12.31) |  |
 25–30 | 1705 (52.59) | 1705 (64.56) | – |  |