Variables | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | p-value | β | SE | p-value | β | SE | p-value | β | SE | p-value | β | SE | p-value | β | SE | p-value | β | SE | p-value | |
Linear regression model | |||||||||||||||||||||
unemployment (%) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||||
family size | – | – | −0.025 | 0.012 | 0.039 | – | −0.007 | 0.004 | 0.080 | −0.011 | 0.004 | 0.006 | – | ||||||||
poplation density (person/km2) | – | – | −0.039 | 0.012 | 0.002 | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
% of higher education | – | – | – | – | −0.012 | 0.004 | 0.004 | – | – | ||||||||||||
average income (10,000 yen) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||||
death rate (/100,000) | – | – | – | −0.593 | 0.163 | 0.001 | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
% of the tertiary sector | – | – | – | 0.420 | 0.164 | 0.013 | – | −0.004 | 0.003 | 0.147 | – | ||||||||||
# of psychiatric hospital | – | – | 0.017 | 0.010 | 0.087 | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||
divorce rate (/1000) | 0.007 | 0.004 | 0.099 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.007 | – | 0.477 | 0.164 | 0.005 | – | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.096 | – | ||||||
marriage rate (/1000) | – | – | – | – | – | −0.011 | 0.003 | 0.003 | – | ||||||||||||
CAR model with 5 covariates | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper |
family size | −0.085 | −0.228 | 0.058 | 0.042 | −0.109 | 0.195 | −0.151 | −0.311 | 0.007 | −0.033 | −0.186 | 0.122 | 0.047 | −0.118 | 0.217 | −0.144 | −0.317 | 0.031 | −0.101 | −0.296 | 0.091 |
poplation density | −0.025 | −0.160 | 0.111 | −0.064 | −0.214 | 0.085 | −0.206 | −0.360 | −0.050 | −0.065 | −0.214 | 0.084 | −0.099 | −0.252 | 0.058 | −0.107 | −0.274 | 0.060 | 0.007 | −0.174 | 0.189 |
% of higher education | 0.030 | −0.112 | 0.173 | 0.020 | −0.127 | 0.167 | −0.003 | −0.159 | 0.153 | −0.015 | −0.164 | 0.134 | 0.021 | −0.137 | 0.179 | −0.027 | −0.202 | 0.147 | −0.007 | −0.202 | 0.186 |
% of the tertiary sector | −0.019 | −0.169 | 0.131 | 0.175 | 0.018 | 0.333 | −0.022 | −0.180 | 0.138 | 0.089 | −0.068 | 0.248 | −0.066 | −0.286 | 0.151 | 0.026 | −0.152 | 0.205 | −0.029 | −0.231 | 0.175 |
divorce rate (/1000) | 0.115 | −0.032 | 0.262 | 0.305 | 0.147 | 0.461 | 0.027 | −0.136 | 0.188 | 0.116 | −0.044 | 0.275 | −0.097 | −0.283 | 0.088 | 0.127 | −0.053 | 0.308 | 0.025 | −0.178 | 0.222 |
Significantly detected regions$ | [4] | [4] [14] [19] [45] [51] | [19] [38] | – | [27] | [4] [19] | [19] [29] | ||||||||||||||
CAR model with 10 covariates | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper | βSignificantly detected regions | lower | upper | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper | β | lower | upper |
unemployment (%) | 0.006 | −0.113 | 0.129 | −0.017 | −0.146 | 0.115 | −0.016 | − 0.144 | 0.116 | 0.092 | −0.044 | 0.234 | 0.005 | −0.133 | 0.148 | 0.045 | −0.153 | 0.261 | 0.210 | −0.019 | 0.456 |
family size | 0.011 | −0.132 | 0.153 | −0.076 | −0.229 | 0.077 | 0.074 | −0.075 | 0.221 | −0.063 | −0.224 | 0.097 | 0.118 | −0.040 | 0.275 | 0.020 | −0.208 | 0.258 | 0.076 | −0.181 | 0.328 |
poplation density (person/km2) | −0.083 | −0.224 | 0.060 | −0.042 | −0.166 | 0.082 | −0.074 | −0.227 | 0.080 | −0.123 | −0.284 | 0.038 | 0.018 | −0.143 | 0.180 | 0.122 | −0.068 | 0.332 | 0.024 | −0.232 | 0.279 |
% of higher education | −0.118 | −0.236 | −0.001 | −0.012 | −0.208 | 0.186 | −0.040 | −0.165 | 0.084 | −0.074 | −0.207 | 0.059 | −0.008 | −0.140 | 0.125 | 0.123 | −0.173 | 0.439 | 0.045 | −0.163 | 0.271 |
average income (10,000 yen) | −0.021 | −0.206 | 0.165 | −0.040 | −0.179 | 0.098 | −0.011 | −0.208 | 0.187 | −0.087 | −0.297 | 0.128 | −0.110 | −0.321 | 0.104 | −0.098 | −0.320 | 0.113 | 0.238 | −0.093 | 0.604 |
death rate (/100,000) | 0.037 | −0.092 | 0.166 | 0.151 | −0.006 | 0.305 | −0.040 | −0.179 | 0.098 | 0.040 | −0.107 | 0.186 | −0.016 | −0.165 | 0.136 | 0.233 | −0.016 | 0.468 | −0.116 | −0.357 | 0.111 |
% of the tertiary sector | 0.114 | −0.035 | 0.262 | −0.111 | −0.251 | 0.027 | 0.157 | 0.000 | 0.311 | −0.033 | −0.209 | 0.138 | 0.124 | −0.047 | 0.292 | −0.101 | −0.332 | 0.115 | 0.076 | −0.176 | 0.329 |
# of psychiatric hospital | −0.024 | −0.155 | 0.108 | 0.026 | −0.034 | 0.085 | −0.110 | −0.250 | 0.029 | 0.015 | −0.134 | 0.162 | 0.023 | −0.125 | 0.172 | 0.028 | −0.063 | 0.121 | −0.116 | −0.380 | 0.123 |
divorce rate (/1000) | 0.027 | −0.029 | 0.082 | 0.010 | −0.118 | 0.137 | 0.026 | −0.034 | 0.085 | −0.063 | −0.129 | 0.002 | 0.031 | −0.034 | 0.094 | 0.124 | −0.061 | 0.303 | −0.020 | −0.122 | 0.085 |
marriage rate (/1000) | 0.053 | −0.064 | 0.170 | 0.075 | −0.073 | 0.223 | 0.007 | −0.121 | 0.134 | −0.030 | −0.167 | 0.106 | 0.024 | −0.114 | 0.161 | 0.028 | −0.204 | 0.259 | 0.084 | −0.115 | 0.288 |
Significantly detected regions$ | [4] [19] [33] [56] | [19] [33] [57] | [19] [33] [36] [52] [55] [57] | [19] [29] [56] | [19] [33] [36] [55] [56] [57] | [4] [36] | [19] [29] | ||||||||||||||
Tango’s Index Significantly detected regions$ | – | – | – | – | – | – | [24] [28] [38] | ||||||||||||||
FlexScan Significantly detected regions$ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||||||
SaTScan Significantly detected regions$ | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |