From: Chronic pain diagnoses and opioid dispensings among insured individuals with serious mental illness
Characteristic | Patients with MDD (N = 65,750) n(%)/Mean ± SD | Matched Controls (N = 65,738) n(%)/Mean ± SD | Test Statistic | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 65,750 | 65,738 | Â | Â |
Age | 43.5+  13.8 | 43.5+  13.8 | t = −0.14 | 0.89 |
Sex | ||||
 Male | 18,733 (28.5%) | 18,731 (28.5%) | χ2 = 0 | 0.99 |
 Female | 47,013 (71.5%) | 47,005 (71.5%) | ||
Medicare | 6329 (9.6%) | 6322 (9.6%) | χ2 = 0 | 0.96 |
Race | ||||
 White/Caucasian | 43,647 (66.3%) | 31,328 (47.7%) | χ2 = 5891.77 | < 0.0001 |
 Black/African-American | 5894 (9.0%) | 5940 (9.0%) | ||
 Asian | 3850 (5.9%) | 8846 (13.5%) | ||
 Pacific Islander | 540 (0.8%) | 791 (1.2%) | ||
 Native American | 672 (1.0%) | 462 (0.7%) | ||
 Other | 180 (0.3%) | 165 (0.3%) | ||
 Unknown | 10,944 (16.6%) | 18,199 (27.7%) | ||
Ethnicity (Hispanic) | 14,134 (21.5%) | 15,274 (23.2%) | χ2 = 57.19 | < 0.0001 |
Neighborhood Income | ||||
  < $40,000 per year | 7771(11.8%) | 7648 (11.6%) | χ2 = 0.12 | 0.73 |
  > $40,000 per year | 56,796 (86.4%) | 55,566 (84.5%) | ||
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.56+  1.19 | 0.25+  0.74 | t = 56.17 | < 0.0001 |
Total healthcare utilization in last 6 mos | 8.3+  10.7 | 2.3+  4.3 | t = 132.57 | < 0.0001 |
Pain conditions | ||||
 Any Pain | 41,036 (62.4%) | 26,158 (39.8%) | χ2 = 6731.57 | < 0.0001 |
 Back pain | 13,419 (20.4%) | 5944 (9.0%) | χ2 = 3382.42 | < 0.0001 |
 Neck pain | 6877 (10.5%) | 3031 (4.6%) | χ2 = 1613.80 | < 0.0001 |
 Limb/extremity pain, arthritis | 21,239 (32.3%) | 12,449 (18.9%) | χ2 = 3081.38 | < 0.0001 |
 Fibromyalgia/widespread muscle | 4262 (6.5%) | 976 (1.5%) | χ2 = 2146.34 | < 0.0001 |
 Headache | 8359 (12.7%) | 6261 (4.8%) | χ2 = 2580.33 | < 0.0001 |
 Orofacial/ear/temporomandibular | 728 (1.1%) | 409 (0.6%) | χ2 = 90.22 | < 0.0001 |
 Abdominal/bowel pain | 9922 (15.1%) | 4679 (7.1%) | χ2 = 2116.78 | < 0.0001 |
 Chest pain | 4995 (7.6%) | 2417 (3.7%) | χ2 = 949.73 | < 0.0001 |
 Urogenital/pelvic/menstrual pain | 3222 (4.9%) | 1638 (2.5%) | χ2 = 535.78 | < 0.0001 |
 Fractures/contusions/sprains/strains | 8542 (13.0%) | 4405 (6.7%) | χ2 = 1465.45 | < 0.0001 |
 Other painful conditionsa | 7994 (12.2%) | 3253 (5.0%) | χ2 = 2184.48 | < 0.0001 |
Chronic opioid useb | 6618 (10.1%) | 1553 (2.4%) | χ2 = 3346.72 | < 0.0001 |