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Table 3 Ordered multiple logistic regression analysis of anxiety-related factors

From: Mental health status of Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic

Factors

Non-anxiety group (n = 1522)

N(%)/ M ± SD

Mild anxiety symptom group (n = 19,994)

N(%)/ M ± SD

Moderate anxiety symptom group (n = 24,843)

N(%)/ M ± SD

Severe anxiety symptom group (n = 13,840)

N(%)/ M ± SD

χ2

P

B

OR (95% CI)

P

Gender

 Female

983 (2.9%)

10,448 (30.4%)

14,390 (41.8%)

8597 (25.0%)

375.489

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 Male

539 (2.1%)

9546 (37.0%)

10,453 (40.5%)

5243 (20.3%)

  

−0.541

0.582 (0.558–0.608)

< 0.001

Age (years)

 18–25

47 (0.3%)

9407 (52.7%)

4006 (22.4%)

4398 (24.6%)

25,371.421

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 26–35

1382 (7.5%)

8712 (47.2%)

4595 (24.9%)

3756 (20.4%)

  

−0.194

0.824 (0.786–0.863)

< 0.001

 36–45

9 (0.1%)

1013 (9.8%)

7879 (76.2%)

1444 (14.0%)

  

1.151

3.162 (2.996–3.338)

< 0.001

 46–55

17 (0.2%)

659

(6.7%)

7756 (78.6%)

1432 (14.5%)

  

1.177

3.244 (3.072–3.425)

< 0.001

 56–65

67 (1.8%)

203

(5.5%)

607 (16.5%)

2810 (76.2%)

  

3.16

23.664 (21.600–25.925)

< 0.001

Education level

 Primary school

397 (7.1%)

2133 (38.2%)

2142 (38.4%)

913 (16.3%)

1857.616

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 Middle school

19 (1.1%)

550 (31.7%)

984 (56.8%)

180 (10.4%)

  

1.497

4.470 (3.898–5.127)

< 0.001

 High school

453 (2.4%)

4714 (24.8%)

8969 (47.1%)

4892 (25.7%)

  

1.979

7.237 (6.722–7.791)

< 0.001

 Bachelor’s degree

625 (2.0%)

11,609 (37.3%)

11,555 (37.2%)

7309 (23.5%)

  

1.534

4.635 (4.313–4.981)

< 0.001

 Master’s degree or above

28 (1.0%)

988 (35.9%)

1193 (43.3%)

546 (19.8%)

  

0.633

1.883 (1.688–2.100)

< 0.001

Occupation

 Worker

124 (1.2%)

2493 (24.9%)

5383 (53.8%)

2001 (20.0%)

3835.299

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 Farmer

59 (1.6%)

814 (22.5%)

1392 (38.5%)

1350 (37.3%)

  

0.440

1.552 (1.429–1.686)

< 0.001

 Soldier

50 (1.0%)

1179 (22.4%)

2932 (55.7%)

1101 (20.9%)

  

0.177

1.194 (1.109–1.286)

0.005

 Medical staff

375 (4.1%)

2421 (26.5%)

3400 (37.1%)

2957 (32.3%)

  

1.059

2.883 (2.670–3.113)

< 0.001

 Teacher

76 (1.0%)

3403 (46.0%)

2545 (34.4%)

1372 (18.6%)

  

–

–

> 0.05

 Cadre

71 (1.9%)

1576 (41.7%)

1525 (40.4%)

605 (16.0%)

  

−0.394

0.675 (0.618–0.737)

< 0.001

 White collar

653 (5.4%)

4478 (37.0%)

4297 (35.5%)

2678 (22.1%)

  

0.276

1.317 (1.245–1.394)

< 0.001

 Other

114 (1.3%)

3630 (40.8%)

3369 (37.9%)

1776 (20.0%)

  

–

–

> 0.05

Family structure in childhood

 Two parents

968 (2.3%)

14,648 (34.8%)

17,504 (41.6%)

8996 (21.4%)

525.993

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 One parent

447 (4.2%)

2896 (27.0%)

4306 (40.1%)

3093 (28.8%)

  

−0.146

0.864 (0.814–0.917)

< 0.001

 Other

107 (1.5%)

2450 (33.4%)

3033 (41.3%)

1751 (23.9%)

  

0.560

1.750 (1.639–1.869)

< 0.001

Only child in the family

 No

285 (2.4%)

4200 (34.9%)

5304 (44.0%)

2262 (18.8%)

158.001

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 Yes

1237 (2.6%)

15,794 (32.8%)

19,539 (40.6%)

11,578 (24.0%)

  

0.075

1.078 (1.018–1.141)

0.010

Parenting style in childhood

 Authoritarian

895 (3.2%)

10,439 (36.8%)

10,027 (35.3%)

7035 (24.8%)

1902.066

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 Neglectful

234 (9.2%)

1092 (42.9%)

826 (32.4%)

394 (15.5%)

  

−0.293

0.746 (0.679–0.820)

< 0.001

 Permissive

237 (1.3%)

5182 (29.3%)

7983 (45.1%)

4304 (24.3%)

  

0.361

1.434 (1.348–1.526)

< 0.001

 Democratic

156 (1.4%)

3281 (28.4%)

6007 (52.0%)

2107 (18.2%)

  

−0.244

0.784 (0.738–0.832)

< 0.001

Living with parents before the age of 10 years

 Yes

748 (2.2%)

10,945 (31.7%)

13,526 (39.1%)

9362 (27.1%)

783.037

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 No

774 (3.0%)

9049 (35.3%)

11,317 (44.2%)

4478 (17.5%)

  

0.077

1.080 (1.027–1.135)

0.003

Number of close friends

 None

88 (1.4%)

1810 (29.2%)

2474 (39.9%)

1827 (29.5%)

400.275

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 1–2

375 (1.7%)

7434 (34.1%)

8719 (40.0%)

5263 (24.2%)

  

–

–

> 0.05

  > 3

1059 (3.3%)

10,750 (33.4%)

13,650 (42.4%)

6750 (21.0%)

  

−0.480

0.619 (0.593–0.646)

< 0.001

The collective atmosphere in work/school

 Peace and tranquility

428 (2.2%)

4964 (25.9%)

9005 (47.1%)

4738 (24.8%)

1999.006

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 Occasional quarrels

660 (2.0%)

13,455 (40.1%)

12,514 (37.3%)

6941 (20.7%)

  

−0.222

0.801 (0.766–0.837)

< 0.001

 Frequent quarrels

434 (5.8%)

1575 (21.0%)

3324 (44.4%)

2161 (28.8%)

  

0.162

1.175 (1.090–1.268)

< 0.001

The management style of work/school

 Autocratic

1180 (2.6%)

14,087 (31.1%)

19,777 (43.7%)

10,226 (22.6%)

1151.705

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 Laissez-faire

7 (0.3%)

1450 (61.7%)

469 (20.0%)

423 (18.0%)

  

–

–

> 0.05

 Democratic

335 (2.7%)

4457 (35.4%)

4597 (36.5%)

3191 (25.4%)

  

−0.073

0.930 (0.880–0.983)

0.010

Marital status

 Unmarried

232 (1.9%)

4422 (35.3%)

5210 (41.6%)

2666 (21.3%)

1167.223

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 Married

766 (2.6%)

10,175 (34.7%)

11,779 (40.2%)

6579 (22.5%)

  

0.251

1.285 (1.221–1.353)

< 0.001

 Divorced

295 (2.8%)

2294 (21.5%)

5210 (48.9%)

2853 (26.8%)

  

0.977

2.656 (2.491–2.833)

< 0.001

 Remarried

222 (3.5%)

2669 (42.6%)

1922 (30.7%)

1452 (23.2%)

  

0.402

1.495 (1.384–1.615)

< 0.001

 Widowed

7 (0.5%)

434 (29.9%)

722 (49.7%)

290 (20.0%)

  

0.772

2.164 (1.870–2.503)

< 0.001

Social activities of last 2 weeks

 0–2

803 (3.5%)

6783 (29.8%)

9699 (42.6%)

5505 (24.2%)

2363.756

< 0.001

Referent

1.0

–

 3–5

239 (1.4%)

4483 (26.4%)

7459 (43.9%)

4822 (28.4%)

  

0.835

2.304 (2.183–2.433)

< 0.001

 6–8

66 (0.8%)

2934 (35.1%)

3919 (46.8%)

1447 (17.3%)

  

0.332

1.394 (1.305–1.488)

< 0.001

  > 9

414 (3.4%)

5794 (48.1%)

3766 (31.3%)

2066 (17.2%)

  

−0.887

0.412 (0.388–0.438)

< 0.001

 Negative attention bias

10.22 ± 3.44

11.61 ± 2.21

12.56 ± 3.45

14.01 ± 4.10

1725.451

< 0.001

0.104

1.110 (1.104–1.116)

< 0.001

 Negative memory bias

11.36 ± 3.45

11.20 ± 2.13

12.36 ± 3.68

13.10 ± 3.27

1100.525

< 0.001

0.067

1.069 (1.063–1.075)

< 0.001

 Rumination

5.62 ± 2.11

5.90 ± 1.91

6.99 ± 2.47

7.65 ± 2.74

1732.229

< 0.001

0.126

1.134 (1.126–1.143)

< 0.001

 Confirmed growth rate

0.42 ± 0.00

0.42 ± 0.08

0.66 ± 0.16

0.43 ± 0.15

14,648.272

< 0.001

–

–

> 0.05

 Death growth rate

1.60 ± 0.00

2.46 ± 1.75

2.78 ± 1.06

2.79 ± 1.87

454.870

< 0.001

0.133

1.142 (1.129–1.155)

< 0.001