Author, year, country | Study design | Population | Sample sizea | Mean age (years) | Male (%) | Length of follow up | Antipsychotic drug use definition | Case or outcome Definition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STROKE | ||||||||
 Barnett, 2007, [28] USA | Cohort | Veterans with dementia aged ≥65 years, identified between 2002 and 2003 from the Veterans Administration and Medical Provider and Analysis Review database | 14,029 | 78 | 97 | 1.5 years | New AP drug use (excluding clozapine and injectable APs) | Hospitalisation for or death from CVE |
 Chan, 2010, [29] China | Cohort | Hong Kong residents with dementia aged ≥65 years, identified between 2000 and 2007 from the Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital | 1089 | 81 | 34 | 1019 days | New AP drug use | Hospitalization for CVE |
 Chen, 2008, [30] USA | Nested Case-control | People with depression and without a history of stroke between 1998 to 2002, identified from the PHARMetrics database | 7601 | NR(66.4% aged 35–64) | 37 | Minimum of 6 months | Any use of risperidone (SGA) | First diagnosis of stroke |
 Correll, 2015, [31] USA | Cohort | People aged 18–65 years without a history of hypertension, diabetes, obesity or CHD, identified between 2006 and 2010 from Thomson Reuters MarketScan Research insurance database | 284,234 | 44.5 | 29 | 1.5 years | Any SGA use for at least 4 weeks | First diagnosis of stroke or TIA (from inpatient and outpatient records) |
 Douglas, 2008, [32] UK | SCCS | People registered with a GP in England/Wales, AP prescribed 1988–2002; identified from the General Practice Research Database | 6790 | 80 | 36 | 0.4 years | Any AP use | First stroke diagnosis (no ICD codes reported) |
 Franchi, 2013, [33] Italy | Case control | Community dwelling seniors of Lombardy aged 65–94 years between 2003 and 2005; identified from the Lombardy Regional Databases | 19,275 | NR | 46 | NR | ≥2 boxes of any AP dispensed | Hospitalisation for stroke |
 Hsieh, 2013, [34] Taiwan | Nested Case-control | People with schizophrenia identified between 2001 and 2009 from the National Health Insurance Research Database | 1158 | 57.3b | 50 | 957b days | Any AP use | First diagnosis of strokec or TIA (from inpatient and outpatient records) |
 Kleijer, 2009, [35] Netherlands | Nested Case-control | Community dwelling adults aged > 50 years, starting an antipsychotic between 1986 and 2003 and identified from the national prescription, vital statistics and health registries databases | 2548 | 76 | 44 | Minimum of 8 years | Any AP use | Hospitalisation for Strokec or TIA |
 Lan, 2015, [36] Taiwan | Cohort | People with bipolar disorder identified between 2001 and 2006 from the National Health Insurance Research Database | 3681 | 43 | 42 | 11 years maximum | Any AP use | First hospitalisation for (or death from) strokec (not including TIA) |
 Laredo, 2011, [37] UK | Nested Case-control | People aged ≥65 years diagnosed with dementia and GP registered in 1995, identified from the General Practice Research Database | 18,762 | 81b | 30b | 12 years | Any AP drug use | First stroke diagnosisc |
 Liebetrau, 2008, [38] Sweden | Cohort | 85 year olds in community/institutions registered with Gothenburg census who completed survey and neuro-psychiatric exam 1986–87 | 401[281] | 85 | 30 | 3 years (29% loss to follow up) | Any AP drug use | First diagnosis of strokec |
 Liperoti, 2005, [39] USA | Nested Case-control | Nursing home residents aged ≥65 years between 1998 and 1999, diagnosed with dementia and identified from the Systematic Assessment of Geriatric drug use via Epidemiology database | 4788 | NR(50.7% aged > 85) | 29b | Maximum of 3 months | Any AP use within the 3 months prior to the index date | Hospitalisation for ischemic stroke or TIA |
 Liu, 2013, [40] Taiwan | Cohort | People aged ≥65 years, diagnosed with dementia between 2003 and 2005, identified from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2005 | 8957 [2243] | 78 | 47 | 2.6 years | Any AP use | First diagnosis of CVE |
 Percudani, 2005, [41] Italy | Cohort | Residents of Lombardy region between 2001 and 2002 aged ≥65 years, identified from Lombardy regional databases | 1,645,978 | NR | NR | 1 year | Any AP use during 2001 | Hospitalisation for strokec or TIA |
 Pratt, 2010, [42] Australia | SCCS | Veterans aged ≥65 years, with stroke diagnosis between 2003 and 06, identified from the Australian Department of Veterans Administration claims database | 10,638 | 84 | NR | 3–4 years | New AP drug use (excluded if using FGA and SGA together or injectable APs) | Hospitalization for strokec |
 Sacchetti, 2008, [43] Italy | Cohort | People aged ≥65 years between 2000 and 2003, identified from the Health Search Database | 74,162 | 76b | 42b | maximum of 4 years | New AP drug use | First diagnosis of stroke |
 Shin, 2013, [44] Korea | Case Crossover | People aged 65–100 years diagnosed with a stroke between 2005 and 2006; identified from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service | 1601 | 76 | 42 | 150 days | Any SGA use (respiridone, quetiapine or olanzapine) within the 30-day case and 60-day control period | First hospitalisation for ischemic stroke |
 Wang, 2012, [45] USA | Case-case-time control | Veterans diagnosed with a stroke between 2002 and 2007, with one physician visit and prescription in the year before hospitalization; identified from the Veterans Health Administration database | 511 | NR (69.1% were aged 60–90) | 98b | 120 days | Any AP use with at least 3 days duration in 30-day case or control periods | First hospitalization for ischaemic stroke |
 Wu, 2012, [46] Taiwan | Case Crossover | People aged ≥18 years with incident stroke between 1998 and 2007, identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database | 14,584 | 69 | 49 | 1 year | Any AP use in year prior to stroke (excluding prochlorperazine, melitracen-flupentixol and injectable APs) | First hospitalisation for strokec or TIA |
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION | ||||||||
 Brauer, 2015, [47] UK | Case-control | People aged ≥18 years and enrolled with a GP between 1987 and 2010, identified through the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database | 136,095 | 67b | 68b | Minimum of 1 year | Any current AP use within 90 days of outcome | MI diagnosis |
 Correll, 2015, [31] USA | Cohort | People aged 18–65 years enrolled between 2006 and 2010 by Thomson Reuters MarketScan Research insurance database | 284,234 | 45 | 29 | 1.5 years | Use of any SGA for at least 4 weeks | MI diagnosis |
 Enger, 2004, [48] USA | Cohort | People aged 15–64 years enrolled in United Healthcare between 1995 and 1999, diagnosed with schizophrenia and being treated with antipsychotics, matched to general population controls identified from an affiliated research database | 11,520 | 40 | 42 | 1.5 years | Any AP use | Hospitalization for MI |
 Hwang, 2014, [49] Canada | Cohort | Community and long-term care residents in Ontario, aged > 65 years between 2003 and 2011, identified from linked Ontario public prescription, vital statistics and health registries | 195,554 | 81 | 36 | 90 days | Any new SGA use (quetiapine, olanzapine and risperidone) | Hospitalization for MI |
 Lin, 2014, [50] Taiwan | Case Crossover | People aged ≥18 years with schizophrenia, mood or dementia disorder, prescribed antipsychotics and who had a first AMI between 1999 and 2009, identified from the Taiwan’s National Insurance Research Database | 56,910 | 72 | 52 | 120 days | Any AP use | First MI hospitalization |
 Nakawaga, 2006, [51] Denmark | Case-control | Danish residents aged ≥15 years, identified 1992 to 2003 from the Danish Civil Registry and Medical Database | 128,262 | 70 | 61 | 1 year | Any current AP use (within 90 days prior to index date) | Hospitalization for MI |
 Pariente, 2012, [52] Canada | Cohort | Community-dwelling residents with dementia and aged > 65 years, in Quebec, Canada, identified 2000–2009 from public prescription and medical service database | 21,938 | NR(53% aged > 79) | 34 | Maximum of 1 year | Any new AP use | Hospitalisation for MI |
 Penttinen, 1996, [53] Finland | Case-control | Finnish farmers born between 1935 and 1958; without a history of CVD and recruited between 1980 and 1992, with data collected from questionnaires and medical records | 332 | NR (Range: 22–57) | 100 | 100 | Any AP use | First MI hospitalization/ death from MI |
 Pratt, 1996, [54] USA | Cohort | Baltimore residents aged > 18 years without a history of ‘heart trouble’, recruited via household interviews | 1551 | NR(67% aged < 45) | 37 | 13 years (28% loss to follow up) | Any use of SGA | First non-fatal MI (self-report) |
 Wang, 2011, [55] USA | Case-case time control | Veterans aged 50–90 years, identified between 2002 and 2007 from the Veterans Health Database | NR | NR | NR | 120 days | NR | Hospitalization for MI |