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Table 2 Cluster Differences (ANOVAs) in Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG), Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS; Intrusion, Avoidance, Hyperarousal), PTSD-Probability and Sense of Coherence (SOC)

From: Sense of coherence is linked to post-traumatic growth after critical incidents in Austrian ambulance personnel

 

A

B

C

D

   
 

PTSS-low/PTG-low

PTSS-low/PTG-high

PTSS-high/PTG-high

PTSS-high/PTG-low

   

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

M

SD

F(1,3)

eta2

Post hoc

Measures

 1. PTG

24.71

9.52

52.37

8.98

49.02

9.99

42.29

13.36

110.50**

.56

A < D < C = B*

IES-R

 2. Intrusion

3.03

3.27

2.50

2.28

10.13

3.42

15.50

8.74

116.29**

.57

B = A < C < D*

 3. Avoidance

1.95

2.58

2.93

3.14

8.07

4.61

17.47

5.33

173.80**

.67

A = B < C < D*

 4. Hyperarousal

.97

2.02

.87

1.39

3.55

2.81

12.68

6.79

145.55**

.63

B = A < C < D*

 5. PTSD-Probability

−4.14

.37

−4.07

.33

−3.47

.48

−1.54

.91

280.87**

.76

A = B < C < D*

 6. SOC

111.68

24.44

122.90

17.91

120.07

15.89

108.81

21.41

7.25**

.08

A < B, D < B, D < C*

  1. Notes. *p < .05 **p < .01
  2. PTG = Post-Traumatic Growth Total Score), PTSS = Post-Traumatic Stress symptoms (Intrusion, Avoidance, Hyperarousal), PTSD = Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PTSS-low/PTG-low = Low scores in PTSS and low scores in PTG (Cluster A), PTSS-low/PTG-high = Low scores in PTSS and high scores in PTG (Cluster B), PTSS-high/PTG-high = High scores in PTSS and high scores in PTG (Cluster C), PTSS-high/PTG-low = High scores in PTSS and low scores in PTG (Cluster D), IES-R = Impact of Event Scale Revised, SOC = Sense of Coherence Total Score)