Table 1 Active contact and follow-up interventions
| Â | Intervention 1 | Intervention 2/Comparison intervention | Control (TAU, Placebo) |
|---|---|---|---|
Intensive care plus outreach | |||
 Allard et al. 1992 [21] | Intensive follow-up with scheduled visits | – | TAU: care by regular hospital personnel |
 Van Heeringen et al. 1995 [52] | Home visit by nurse to patients who did not keep outpatient appointment | – | TAU: outpatient appointment |
 van der Sande et al. 1997 [51] | Intensive inpatient and community intervention | – | TAU: routine clinical service |
 Morthorst et al. 2012 [44] | Assertive intervention with outreach consultations | – | TAU: referral to a range of different treatment modalities |
 Kawanishi et al. 2014 [41]a | Assertive and continuous case management | – | TAU: enhanced usual care |
 Hatcher et al. 2015 [39]a | Support for up to 2 wk. and 4–6 sessions problem-solving therapy in 4 wk. followed by 8 postcards | – | TAU: referrals to multidisciplinary teams, crisis teams, and/or recommendations for engagement with community alcohol and drug treatment centers |
Brief intervention and contact | |||
Brief intervention and contact | – | TAU: the norms prevailing in the respective emergency departments | |
 Mousavi et al. 2014 [45]a | Brief interventional contact followed by 7 follow-up telephone contacts | – | Brief interventional contact followed by treatment as usual |
Letter or postcard | |||
Postcard sent | – | TAU: assessment and diagnosis by a psychiatrist | |
 Beautrais et al. 2010 [24] | Postcard sent | – | TAU: assessment and referral to community-based mental health services |
Postcard sent | – | TAU: follow-up care was not coordinated | |
Telephone | |||
 Cedereke et al. 2002 [30] | Telephone call at 4 and 8 mo | – | TAU: assessment by a psychiatrist and a social counsellor and referral to further general psychiatry treatment |
 Vaiva et al. 2006 [50] | Telephone call from psychiatrists at 1 mo | Telephone call from psychiatrists at 3 mo | TAU: no telephone contact |
Composite of letter/postcard and telephone | |||
 Kapur et al. 2013 [40] | Information leaflet, two telephone calls within the first 2 wk., and a series of 6 letters over a 12-mo period | – | TAU: a mental health liaison nursing team to carry out specialist assessments |