Table 6 Estimated differencesa in mean change at 6, 12 and 18 months
Outcome | Â | Estimate of mean difference (95% CI) | t (df) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREFb) | ||||
 Total score | 6 months (T1) | 0.69 (− 2.56 to 3.93) | 0.42 (354) | 0.678 |
12 months (T2) | 3.88 (0.49 to 7.27) | 2.25 (356) | 0.025* | |
18 months (T3) | 1.89 (− 1.53 to 5.31) | 1.09 (356) | 0.279 | |
 Domain 1; | 6 months (T1) | 0.41 (− 0.94 to 1.76) | 0.60 (357) | 0.549 |
 Physical health | 12 months (T2) | 1.82 (0.42 to 3.23) | 2.55 (361) | 0.011* |
18 months (T3) | 0.68 (− 0.74 to 2.10) | 0.95 (361) | 0.345 | |
 Domain 2; | 6 months (T1) | 0.48 (− 0.43 to 1.40) | 1.04 (354) | 0.300 |
 Psychological | 12 months (T2) | 0.87 (− 0.08 to 1.83) | 1.79 (357) | 0.074 |
18 months (T3) | 0.82 (− 0.15 to 1.78) | 1.66 (357) | 0.098 | |
 Domain 3; | 6 months (T1) | 0.17 (− 0.46 to 0.79) | 0.52 (353) | 0.603 |
Social relationships | 12 months (T2) | 0.72 (0.07 to 1.37) | 2.18 (356) | 0.030* |
18 months (T3) | 0.44 (− 0.21 to 1.10) | 1.33 (356) | 0.186 | |
 Domain 4; | 6 months (T1) | −0.37 (− 1.61 to 0.87) | −0.59 (355) | 0.556 |
 Environment | 12 months (T2) | −0.01 (− 1.30 to 1.29) | −0.01 (357) | 0.993 |
18 months (T3) | −0.01 (− 1.32 to 1.30) | −0.02 (357) | 0.986 | |
Anxiety (BAIc) | ||||
 Total score | 6 months (T1) | 0.88 (− 2.37 to 4.12) | 0.53 (352) | 0.595 |
12 months (T2) | −1.31 (− 4.72 to 2.10) | −0.76 (355) | 0.451 | |
18 months (T3) | −0.27 (− 3.70 to 3.16) | −0.16 (355) | 0.875 | |
Depression (PHQ-9d) | ||||
 Total score | 6 months (T1) | 0.09 (− 1.74 to 1.92) | 0.10 (354) | 0.921 |
12 months (T2) | 0.09 (−1.82 to 2.01) | 0.10 (358) | 0.923 | |
18 months (T3) | 1.14 (− 0.79 to 3.08) | 1.16 (358) | 0.247 | |
Empowerment (NELe) | ||||
 Total score | 6 months (T1) | 5.41 (0.42 to 10.40) | 2.13 (353) | 0.034* |
12 months (T2) | 6.39 (1.19 to 11.59) | 2.42 (355) | 0.016* | |
18 months (T3) | 0.00 (− 5.24 to 5.25) | 0.00 (355) | 0.999 | |
 Dimension 1; | 6 months (T1) | 1.26 (− 0.55 to 3.08) | 1.37 (354) | 0.172 |
 Professional help | 12 months (T2) | 0.52 (−1.37 to 2.40) | 0.54 (360) | 0.590 |
18 months (T3) | −2.45 (− 4.35 to − 0.55) | −2.53 (361) | 0.012* | |
 Dimension 2; | 6 months (T1) | 0.78 (− 0.54 to 2.09) | 1.16 (353) | 0.245 |
 Social support | 12 months (T2) | 1.07 (− 0.30 to 2.43) | 1.54 (356) | 0.125 |
18 months (T3) | 1.27 (− 0.11 to 2.65) | 1.82 (356) | 0.070 | |
 Dimension 3; | 6 months (T1) | 1.88 (− 0.12 to 3.88) | 1.84 (354) | 0.066 |
 Confidence and purpose | 12 months (T2) | 2.08 (− 0.01 to 4.16) | 1.96 (356) | 0.051 |
18 months (T3) | 0.80 (−1.30 to 2.91) | 0.75 (356) | 0.452 | |
 Dimension 4; | 6 months (T1) | 1.19 (0.08 to 2.31) | 2.11 (355) | 0.036* |
 Connectedness | 12 months (T2) | 0.71 (− 0.44 to 1.87) | 1.21 (358) | 0.226 |
18 months (T3) | −0.11 (− 1.28 to 1.06) | −0.18 (358) | 0.857 | |
 Dimension 5; | 6 months (T1) | 0.07 (− 0.85 to 1.00) | 0.15 (354) | 0.878 |
 Self-management | 12 months (T2) | 0.98 (0.02 to 1.95) | 2.01 (357) | 0.045* |
18 months (T3) | 0.48 (−0.49 to 1.48) | 0.97 (358) | 0.332 | |
 Dimension 6; | 6 months (T1) | 0.30 (− 0.83 to 1.42) | 0.52 (355) | 0.604 |
 Caring community | 12 months (T2) | 1.19 (0.02 to 2.36) | 2.00 (358) | 0.046* |
18 months (T3) | 0.15 (− 1.03 to 1.33) | 0.25 (359) | 0.802 | |