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Table 4 Hierarchical linear regression analysis

From: The moderating roles of bedtime activities and anxiety/depression in the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms and sleep problems in children

 

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Beta

Beta

Beta

Sleep length(weekend)

 Child’s gender

.134

.088

.086

 Child’s age

−.074

−.079

−.065

 Father’s education

−.118

−.119

−.116

 Mother’s education

−.110

−.107

−.121

 Annual household income

−.012

−.007

−.007

 ADHD

 

−.080

−.076

 Screen behaviors in bedtime (Screen)

 

−.038

−.050

 Diet behaviors in bedtime

 

.003

.044

 Anxiety/Depression

 

.195**

.097

 Screen × ADHD

  

−.111*

 Diet × ADHD

  

−.027

 Anxiety/Depression × ADHD

  

.236***

 R2(F)

.029 (3.7**)

.047 (3.4***)

.094 (5.3***)

Sleep problems (total)

 Child’s gender

−.029

1.260

1.267*

 Child’s age

−.358

.096

.102

 Father’s education

−.127

.108

.113

 Mother’s education

−.902*

−.530

−.531

 Annual household income

−.301

−.354*

−.353*

 ADHD

 

2.792***

2.811***

 Screen behaviors in bedtime

 

.504

.545+

 Diet behaviors in bedtime

 

.087

.037

 Anxiety/Depression

 

1.413***

1.437***

 Screen × ADHD

  

−.272

 Diet × ADHD

  

.165

 Anxiety/Depression × ADHD

  

−.060

 R2(F)

.034(3.649***)

.292(23.820***)

.293(17.874***)

Sleep onset delay

 Child’s gender

.029

.057

.062

 Child’s age

.021

.026

.031

 Father’s education

.061

−.060

−.061

 Mother’s education

−.088*

−.076*

−.075*

 Annual household income

.009

.010

.010

 ADHD

 

.039

.049

 Screen behaviors in bedtime

 

.038

.048

 Diet behaviors in bedtime

 

.001

.005

 Anxiety/Depression

 

.025

−.025

 Screen × ADHD

  

.058*

 Diet × ADHD

  

.0

 Anxiety/Depression × ADHD

  

−.002

 R2(F)

.044(5.6***)

.054(3.9***)

.064(3.5***)

Sleep duration

 Child’s gender

.050

.192

.188

 Child’s age

.051

.097+

.100+

 Father’s education

−.054

−.026

−.025

 Mother’s education

−.157+

−.140+

−.145+

 Annual household income

−.083*

−.086*

−.085*

 ADHD

 

.325***

.313***

 Screen behaviors in bedtime

 

.020

.002

 Diet behaviors in bedtime

 

.031

.046

 Anxiety/Depression

 

.087

.046

 Screen × ADHD

  

.033

 Diet × ADHD

  

−.021

 Anxiety/Depression × ADHD

  

.095+

 R2(F)

.041 (5.0***)

.102 (7.4***)

.107 (5.8***)

Night wakings

 Child’s gender

.039

.108

.103

 Child’s age

.045

.075*

.077*

 Father’s education

−.043

−.027

−.029

 Mother’s education

−.160**

−.152**

−.152**

 Annual household income

.018

.019

.021

 ADHD

 

.164***

.157***

 Screen behaviors in bedtime

 

−.025

−.018

 Diet behaviors in bedtime

 

.076+

.057

 Anxiety/Depression

 

.065

.050

 Screen × ADHD

  

−.043

 Diet × ADHD

  

.061+

 Anxiety/Depression × ADHD

  

.049

 R2(F)

.046 (5.7***)

.098 (7.2***)

.107 (5.9***)

Sleep-disordered breathing

 Child’s gender

−.133*

−.061

−.061

 Child’s age

.010

.035

.036

 Father’s education

−.021

−.009

−.010

 Mother’s education

−.018

−.011

−.009

 Annual household income

.010

.009

.010

 ADHD

 

.170***

.173***

 Screen behaviors in bedtime

 

.003

.014

 Diet behaviors in bedtime

 

.025

.014

 Anxiety/Depression

 

−.009

−.008

 Screen × ADHD

  

−.052+

 Diet × ADHD

  

.036

 Anxiety/Depression × ADHD

  

.006

 R2(F)

.012 (1.5)

.067 (4.8***)

.074 (3.9***)

  1. +p < .1, *p < .05, **p < .001, ***p < .01
  2. aModel 1: Gender, age, father’s education, mother’s education, Annual household income. These variables were adjusted in model 2–3;
  3. bModel 2: Variables of ADHD, Screen behavior (Screen), Diet before sleep (Diet), Anxiety/Depression were added;
  4. cModel 3: Interactive terms of Screen × ADHD, Diet × ADHD, Anxiety/Depression× ADHD were added
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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