Measurement invariance testing of the PHQ-9 in a multi-ethnic population in Europe: the HELIUS study

BMC Psychiatry

Table 10 Sensitivity analyses: model fit in separate groups regarding interview mode and language

	Free parameters^a	χ² (df)	RMSEA	CFI
Mode effect, total sample:
Interviewer (N = 6097)	33	668.076*	0.066 (0.062–0.071)	0.988
Internet (N = 9904)	33	944.605*	0.062 (0.059–0.066)	0.987
Paper (N = 7181)	33	723.689*	0.064 (0.060–0.068)	0.990
Turks only^a:
Dutch (N = 1874)	33	276.133*	0.075 (0.067–0.083)	0.988
Turkish (N = 894)	33	157.153*	0.079 (0.067–0.091)	0.989
Ghanaians only^a:
Dutch (N = 456)	33	53.541*	0.052 (0.033–0.071)	0.988
English (N = 1581)	33	130.249*	0.053 (0.044–0.062)	0.989

^aNumbers slightly differ from the sample size reported in Table 2 since we excluded those for which the questionnaire language was uncertain
* Significant χ² test or χ² difference test (P < .001) (compared to the reference model)

ISSN: 1471-244X