Treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization, and costs following first-line antidepressant treatment in major depressive disorder: a retrospective US claims database analysis

Table 2 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients at baseline

	Overall study sample^a	Analysis sub-sample
	N = 39,557	N = 21,088
Age at Index Date, Mean ± SD [Median]	42.1 ± 15.1 [42]	43.3 ± 15.2 [43]
Female, N (%)	24,150 (61.1)	12,784 (60.6)
Region of Residence at Index Date, N (%)
West	12,021 (30.4)	6946 (32.9)
South	11,764 (29.7)	5798 (27.5)
North East	10,474 (26.5)	5530 (26.2)
North Central	4773 (12.1)	2572 (12.2)
Unknown	525 (1.3)	242 (1.1)
Type of Healthcare Plan at Index Date^*, N (%)
PPO	20,747 (52.4)	10,834 (51.4)
HMO and POS with Capitation	10,081 (25.5)	5750 (27.3)
POS without Capitation and EPO	4272 (10.8)	2081 (9.9)
Comprehensive	2605 (6.6)	1438 (6.8)
CDHP and HDHP	1354 (3.4)	740 (3.5)
Unknown	498 (1.3)	245 (1.2)
Medicare Coverage at Index Date, N (%)	2812 (7.1)	1723 (8.2)
CCI during the 12-Month Baseline Period, Mean ± SD [Median]^{b, c}	0.4 ± 1.0 [0]	0.4 ± 1.0 [0]
Antidepressant Initiated on the Index Date, N (%)
SSRI	27,502 (69.5)	15,048 (71.4)
SNRI	4283 (10.8)	2325 (11.0)
TCA	403 (1.0)	124 (0.6)
Other	7369 (18.6)	3591 (17.0)
All-Cause Healthcare Resource Utilization, Mean ± SD [Median]
Inpatient Admissions	0.2 ± 0.6 [0]	0.2 ± 0.5 [0]
Outpatient Visits	12.2 ± 12.6 [8]	12.1 ± 12.5 [8]
Emergency Room Visits	0.4 ± 1.0 [0]	0.3 ± 0.9 [0]
Other Medical Service Visits	1.5 ± 3.9 [0]	1.6 ± 4.1 [0]
Number of Visits to a Mental Health Professional, Mean ± SD [Median]	1.9 ± 4.1 [1]	1.8 ± 4.2 [1]
All-Cause Healthcare Costs (2014 USD), Mean ± SD [Median]	9941 ± 48,697 [3375]	9152 ± 23,965 [3230]

*PPO = Preferred Provider Organization; HMO = Home Maintenance Organization; POS = Point of Service; EPO = Exclusive Provider Organization; CDHP = Consumer Directed Health Plan; HDHP = High Deductible Health Plan; CCI = Charlson-Quan Comorbidity Index; SD = standard deviation; SSRI = Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SNRI = Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; TCA = Tricyclic agent
^aThe overall study sample was defined without restriction in terms of adequate treatment duration.
^bQuan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P et al. Coding Algorithms for Defining Comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 Administrative Data. Medical Care 2005;43:1130–1139. The CCI score is calculated based on dichotomous variables indicating whether or not a patient had the condition as follows: sum (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, cardiovascular disease, dementia, chronic pulmonary disease, rheumatologic disease, peptic ulcer disease, max[mild liver disease, 3*moderate liver disease], max[mild diabetes, 2*chronic diabetes], 2*hemiplegia, 2* renal disease, max [2* malignancy, 6* metastatic solid tumor], 6*AIDS)
^cThe most common physical comorbidity during the baseline period was hypertension, observed in 7392 (18.7%) patients. The most common mental comorbidity during the baseline period was anxiety disorder, observed in 5698 (14.4%) patients

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