Table 1 Study characteristics
From: Measurement properties of tools measuring mental health knowledge: a systematic review
Author/year | Measurement tool | Description of tool | Population of study | Age of study participants | Study sample size | Country of study | Mental health knowledge type | Psychometric properties of tool assessed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Ascher-Svanum & Krause, 1999 [28] | Knowledge about Schizophrenia Questionnaire (KASQ) | 25 multiple-choice questions on knowledge of mental illness and management | Inpatients | M = 35 (SD = 11.4); (range: 18–58) | N = 53 (study 1); N = 53 (study 2); N = 10 (study 3); N = 20 (study 4) | US | Schizophrenia | Internal consistency; Reliability; Responsiveness (Sensitivity to change); Content validity |
2. Balasubramanian et al., 2013 [29] | Knowledge Questionnaire on Home Care of Schizophrenics (KQHS) | 32 item multiple choice questionnaire on four aspects of home care | Home care givers | Unknown | N = 21 | India | Schizophrenia | Content validity; Internal consistency |
3. Compton et al., 2007 [30] | Knowledge about Schizophrenia Test (KAST) | 21 multiple choice questions on knowledge of schizophrenia | Community members; Families of people with schizophrenia; police officers; mental health professionals | M = 43.7 (SD = 12.1) (Community members); M = 44.0 (SD = 12.8) (families); M = 37.8 (SD = 7.8) (police officers); M = 44.2 (SD = 10.1) (mental health professional) | N = 144 (community members); N = 77 (families members); N = 170 (police officers); N = 50 (mental health professionals) | US | Schizophrenia | Internal consistency; Construct validity (hypothesis testing); Content validity; Criterion/concurrent validity |
4. Compton et al., 2011 [31] | Multiple-Choice Knowledge of Mental Illnesses Test (MC-KOMIT) | 33 multiple-choice items on knowledge of common mental illnesses | Police officers | M = 38.3 (SD = 8.4) | 199 | US | General knowledge | Internal consistency; Reliability; Construct validity (hypothesis testing); Content validity; Responsiveness |
5. Daltio et al., 2015 [32] | Knowledge about Schizophrenia Test (KAST) | 17 multiple choice questions on knowledge of schizophrenia | Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, and patients of other conditions; mental health clinicians | M = 56.05 (SD = 12.9) (caregivers) | N = 89 caregivers of patients with schizophrenia; N = 30 caregivers of general patients; N = 30 mental health professionals | Portugal | Schizophrenia | Content validity; Cross-cultural validity; Reliability Construct validity |
6. Evans-Lacko et al., 2010 [33] | Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) | 6-point Likert scale on 12 items of stigma knowledge of mental illness | General public | 25–45 | N = 92 (study 1); N = 37 (study 2); N = 403 (study 3) | UK | General knowledge | Internal consistency; reliability; Content validity |
7. Gabriel & Violato, 2009 [34] | Depression Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) | 27 multiple-choice items on knowledge of depression | Patients and psychiatrists | M = 43 (SD = 11.3) (range: 18–65) (patients); M = 52 (SD = 11.6) (Psychiatrists) | N = 63 (patients) | Canada | Depression | Internal consistency; Content validity; Convergent validity; Structural validity (factor analysis) |
N = 12 (psychiatrists) | ||||||||
8. Gulliver et al., 2012 [35] | Depression Literacy (D-Lit) | 22 true/false items on knowledge of depression | Elite athletes | M = 25.5 (median = 24.5) (range: 18–48) | N = 40 (study 1); N = 12 (study 2) | Australia | Depression | Internal consistency; Reliability |
Anxiety Literacy Questionnaire (A-Lit) | Anxiety | |||||||
9. Kiropoulos et al., 2011 [36] | Depression Literacy (D-Lit) | 22 true/false items on knowledge about depression | Immigrants | M = 65.4 (SD = 8.57) (range: 48–88) | 202 | Australia | Depression | Internal consistency; Reliability |
10. Hepperlen et al., 2002 [37] | Test of Knowledge About ADHD (KADD) | 22 error-choice items to assess knowledge and attitudes toward students with ADHD | Elementary school teachers | M = 39.43 (SD = 9.05) | 103 | US | ADHD | Internal consistency; Content validity; Structural validity (factor analysis); |
11. Kronmuller et al., 2008 [38] | Knowledge about Depression and Mania Inventory (KDMI) | 44 true/false items on knowledge of Depression and Mania | Patients and relatives | M = 45.2 (SD = 13.6) (range: 18–82); M = 47.4 (SD = 14.5) (range: 19–80) | N = 112 (patients); N = 89 (relatives) | Germany | Depression | Concurrent/criterion validity; Hypothesis testing (Discriminative validity); Content validity; Responsiveness |
12. O’Connor & Casey, 2015 [39] | Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) | Multiple choice on 35 items regarding knowledge and attitudes about help-seeking, and ability to recognize disorders | First year university students (S) | M = 21.10 ± 6.27 (S); M = 33.09 ± 8.01 | 372 (S); 43 (M) | Australia | General knowledge | Internal consistency; Reliability; Measurement error; Content validity; Structural validity; Construct validity |
Mental health professionals (M) | ||||||||
13. Pickett-Schenk et al., 2000 [40] | Journey of Hope (JOH) Outcome Survey | 4-point Likert scale on 15 items on mental health knowledge | Family members of people with mental illness | M = 56.48 | 424 | US | General knowledge | Internal consistency; Construct validity (hypothesis testing); Structural validity (Factor analysis); |
14. Serra et al., 2013 [41] | Knowledge of Mental Disorders (KMD) | “Yes, “No”, and “I don’t know” responses to assess knowledge on the name and characteristics of mental disorders and ability to distinguish them from somatic illnesses | High school students | M = 17.3 (SD = 1.3); (range: 15–24) | 1,023 | Italy | General knowledge | Internal consistency; Structural validity (factor analysis); Construct validity (hypothesis testing) |
15. Hart et al., 2014 [42] | Adolescent Depression Knowledge Questionnaire (ADKQ) | 13 dichotomous and 2 fill-in-the- blank questions on depression knowledge | Grade 9 students | Not reported | 8,216 | US | Depression | Internal consistency; Structural validity (factor analysis) |
16. Swami et al., 2011 [43] | Mental health disorder recognition questionnaire (MDRQ) | 7-point Likert scale on 20 statements of mental illness descriptions in which 15 are real and 5 are foils | General public | M = 38.11 (SD = 14.89) | 477 | UK | General knowledge | Reliability; Construct validity (hypothesis testing); Convergent validity |
17. Wang et al., 2013 [44] | Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (MHKQ) | “yes”, and “no” responses to 20 general mental health knowledge questions | Community members | M = 50 (SD = 17) | 1953 | China | General knowledge | Internal consistency; Factor analysis |