Table 5 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of participants, comparison of samples
Variable | 2012 sample (n = 489) | 2013 sample (n = 651) | Chi2- Test T-Testa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | Chi2 | df | p | |
Meana | SDa | Meana | SDa | Ta | |||
Agea | 45.58 | 20.12 | 48.1 | 19.40 | 4.548 | 1 | 0.033 |
Male | 269 | 55.0 | 333 | 51.2 | 1.668 | 1 | 0.197 |
Previous hospitalizationsa | 3.67 | 6.14 | 4.93 | 7.72 | 1 | 0.003 | |
Day-time admission | 258 | 52.8 | 361 | 55.6 | 0.922 | 1 | 0.337 |
Duration of stay (days)a | 21.41 | 23.84 | 26.16 | 27.28 | 1 | 0.002 | |
Reason for compulsory admission | 10.49 | 5 | 0.063 | ||||
Self-endangering | 407 | 83.2 | 542 | 83.3 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.991 |
Endangerment of others | 203 | 41.5 | 243 | 37.3 | 2.055 | 1 | 0.152 |
Severe self-neglect | 49 | 10.0 | 101 | 15.5 | 7.377 | 1 | 0.007 |
Stress for their families and friends | 38 | 7.8 | 53 | 8.1 | 0.052 | 1 | 0.819 |
Clarification, assessment | 9 | 1.8 | 27 | 4.1 | 4.860 | 1 | 0.027 |
Cause of threat | |||||||
Disorientation, delirium, dementia | 92 | 18.8 | 105 | 16.1 | 1.408 | 1 | 0.235 |
Intoxication, substance abuse | 159 | 32.5 | 215 | 33.0 | 0.033 | 1 | 0.856 |
Psychosis, mania | 219 | 44.8 | 302 | 46.4 | 0.290 | 1 | 0.590 |
Depression | 73 | 14.9 | 96 | 14.7 | 0.007 | 1 | 0.932 |
Suicidal tendency, self-injury | 195 | 39.9 | 227 | 34.9 | 3.004 | 1 | 0.083 |
Aggression | 206 | 42.1 | 270 | 41.5 | 0.049 | 1 | 0.825 |
Refusal of food intake, medical treatment | 97 | 19.8 | 158 | 24.3 | 3.162 | 1 | 0.075 |
Primary diagnosis | 16.906 | 9 | 0.050 | ||||
organic disorder (F0) | 63 | 13.0 | 85 | 13.1 | |||
substance-related disorder (F1) | 109 | 22.5 | 123 | 18.9 | |||
schizophrenic disorder (F2) | 147 | 30.3 | 232 | 35.6 | |||
affective disorder (F3) | 77 | 15.9 | 110 | 16.9 | |||
neurotic disorder (F4) | 55 | 11.3 | 67 | 10.3 | |||
Seclusion/restraint | 84 | 17.2 | 124 | 19.0 | 0.654 | 1 | 0.419 |
Forced medication | 59 | 12.1 | 89 | 13.7 | 0.637 | 1 | 0.425 |
Monitoring | 17.154 | 4 | 0.002 | ||||
Every hour | 10 | 2.0 | 33 | 5.1 | |||
Every half an hour | 26 | 5.3 | 36 | 5.5 | |||
Every quarter of an hour | 22 | 4.5 | 33 | 5.1 | |||
Permanent supervision | 18 | 3.7 | 51 | 7.8 | |||
Appeal | 42 | 8.6 | 53 | 8.2 | 0.069 | 1 | 0.793 |
Discharge from hospital | 1.758 | 4 | 0.780 | ||||
regular discharge | 446 | 91.2 | 587 | 90.2 | |||
against doctor’s orders | 11 | 2.2 | 23 | 3.5 | |||
Escaped | 23 | 4.7 | 31 | 4.8 | |||
release by court decision | 6 | 1.2 | 7 | 1.1 | |||
Others | 3 | 0.6 | 3 | 0.5 | |||