Czech Republic | Russia | U.S. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | ||
Characteristic | Categories | Adj. ORa | Adj. ORa | Adj. ORa | Adj. ORa | Adj. ORa | Adj. ORa |
Demographic | |||||||
Age (years) | 13 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
14 | 1.32 (0.77–2.26) | 0.81 (0.35–1.87) | 1.74 (0.89–3.41) | 2.21 (0.81–6.06) | 0.93 (0.65–1.35) | 2.18 (1.24–3.83)** | |
15 | 1.48 (0.86–2.56) | 1.09 (0.50–2.36) | 2.32 (1.20–4.49)* | 2.32 (0.74–7.23) | 1.15 (0.45–2.96) | 1.79 (0.47–6.80) | |
Family structure | Intact | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Restructured | 0.59 (0.27–1.29) | 1.53 (0.55–4.26) | 1.69 (0.89–3.22) | 1.50 (0.42–5.31) | 0.92 (0.39–2.14) | 0.60 (0.24–1.53) | |
Single parent | 0.83 (0.42–1.66) | 1.78 (0.75–4.19) | 1.23 (0.69–2.20) | 1.72 (1.00–2.97) | 0.80 (0.50–1.28) | 0.64 (0.37–1.10) | |
Other | 1.80 (0.50–6.41) | 3.10 (1.12–8.57)* | 2.63 (1.31–5.27)** | 0.81 (0.12–5.35) | 0.94 (0.40–2.18) | 1.30 (0.45–3.69) | |
Parental education | High vs. Low | 1.23 (0.80–1.89) | 1.01 (0.50–2.05) | 1.15 (0.69–1.91) | 0.96 (0.43–2.13) | 0.86 (0.50–1.46) | 1.25 (0.43–3.67) |
Household size | ≥3 vs. 2 | 0.70 (0.28–1.73) | 0.81 (0.26–2.54) | 1.65 (0.73–3.69) | 0.54 (0.23–1.28) | 0.77 (0.31–1.89) | 0.90 (0.26–3.16) |
Parenting | |||||||
Parental warmthb | 0.89 (0.81–0.98)* | 0.91 (0.81–1.01) | 0.96 (0.87–1.07) | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 0.88 (0.79–0.98)* | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | |
Parental involvementb | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 1.03 (0.91–1.17) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 1.01 (0.89–1.16) | |
Inconsistent parentingb | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 1.08 (1.00–1.16)* | 1.07 (1.03–1.12)** | 1.14 (1.04–1.25)** | 1.09 (1.04–1.15)** | 1.13 (1.03–1.24)* | |
Friendship ties | |||||||
Number of close friends | ≥1 vs. 0 | 0.17 (0.05–0.62)** | 2.00 (0.34–11.77) | 0.61 (0.18–2.03) | 0.22 (0.04–1.26) | 1.93 (0.22–16.98) | 0.15 (0.07–0.35)*** |
Personal characteristics | |||||||
I am shy | Not true | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Somewhat true | 1.53 (0.93–2.51) | 1.66 (0.76–3.66) | 1.25 (0.80–1.95) | 1.08 (0.64–1.81) | 0.81 (0.44–1.48) | 2.00 (1.11–3.60)** | |
Certainly true | 4.32 (2.45–7.64)*** | 4.36 (1.79–10.60)** | 1.98 (1.20–3.27)** | 4.03 (2.08–7.80)*** | 1.36 (0.87–2.14) | 7.37 (3.88–14.00)*** | |
School-based factors | |||||||
School attachment (I like school) | True vs. Not true | 1.02 (0.66–1.59) | 0.90 (0.42–1.90) | 1.02 (0.66–1.58) | 0.70 (0.43–1.12) | 0.98 (0.66–1.46) | 0.54 (0.26–1.14) |
Peer victimisationb | 1.13 (1.07–1.19)*** | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.10 (1.05–1.15)*** | 1.02 (0.97–1.09) | 1.10 (1.07–1.14)*** | 1.06 (1.03–1.09)*** |