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Table 6 Assessment of Functioning

From: Prevalence of ADHD in nonpsychotic adult psychiatric care (ADPSYC): A multinational cross-sectional study in Europe

 

N

ADHD Diagnosis Established by the DIVA

N

ADHD Diagnosis Not Established

Odds Ratio or LS Mean Difference

  

(N = 349)

 

(N = 1660)

(95 % CI)

Master’s/Bachelor’s degrees, n (%)

 

68 (19.4)

 

399 (24.0)

 

 ADHD, versus non-ADHD, OR (95 % CI)

    

0.60 (0.44-0.82)

Vocational training, n (%)

 

88 (25.2)

 

293 (17.7)

N/A

Total amount of formal instruction, years (SD)

346

12.58 (5.049)

1659

12.60 (4.586)

N/A

Student, n (%)

 

52 (14.9)

 

90 (5.4)

N/A

Employed full time, n (%)

 

106 (30.4)

 

580 (34.9)

 

 ADHD, versus non-ADHD (female), OR (95 % CI)

    

0.54 (0.36-0.81)

 ADHD, versus non-ADHD (male), OR (95 % CI)

    

0.89 (0.62-1.26)

Number of different employers in last 3 years, mean (SD)

347

1.20 (1.598)

1659

0.90 (0.936)

N/A

Working at level of qualification, n (%)

 

159 (45.6)

 

840 (50.6)

N/A

Number of biological children, mean (SD)

348

0.93 (1.230)

1655

1.13 (1.135)

 

 ADHD versus non-ADHD (at age 31), LS Mean difference

    

0.10 (−0.03-0.23)

 ADHD, yes versus non-ADHD (at age 42), LS Mean difference

    

0.20 (0.07-0.33)

 ADHD, yes versus non-ADHD (at age 51), LS Mean difference

    

0.28 (0.10-0.47)

Age when first biological child was born (years), mean (SD)

159

25.50 (5.685)

998

26.70 (5.574)

N/A

Age when first biological child was born (<18 years), n (%)

 

7 (2.0)

 

23 (1.4)

N/A

Living with parents, n (%)

 

78 (22.3)

 

215 (13.0)

 

 ADHD versus non-ADHD, OR (95 % CI)

    

1.09 (0.76-1.57)

Driving license held, n (%)

 

239 (68.5)

 

1303 (78.5)

N/A

Number of times license revoked in last 3 years, mean (SD)

239

0.07 (0.303)

1300

0.04 (0.222)

N/A

Number of speeding tickets in last 3 years, mean (SD)

239

1.05 (2.072)

1299

0.55 (1.664)

N/A

Number of parking tickets in last 3 years, mean (SD)

239

1.12 (3.299)

1296

0.60 (1.818)

N/A

Number of car accidents in last 3 years, mean (SD)

239

0.31 (0.808)

1301

0.16 (0.555)

N/A

Frequency of debt, n (%)

 

124 (35.5)

 

404 (24.3)

N/A

Prosecuted since adulthood, n (%)

 

48 (13.8)

 

102 (6.1)

N/A

Current tobacco use, n (%)

 

165 (47.3)

 

612 (36.9)

N/A

  1. Abbreviations: ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; DIVA = Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults; N = number of patients; n = number of affected patients; SD = standard deviation
  2. Note: Logistic regression was used for all binary outcomes; number of biological children was analyzed using analysis of covariance
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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