Table 3 Aggregated conflict behaviors and containment event updated annual costs [and original costs (11)]

Conflict behaviors costs

Cost per ward

Cost nationally

Verbal abuse, aggression towards objects and physical assault

47,529€ [£37,785]

23,764,980€ [£18,892,816]

Self harm

10,284€ [£8,176]

5,142,434€ [£4,088,161]

Smoking in non-smoking areas or refusing to eat, drink, wash, get up, go to bed or see workers

55,319€ [£43,978]

27,659,246€ [£21,988,701]

Alcohol or drug use

11,565€ [£9,194]

5,782,210€ [£4,596,773]

Attempts to abscond or absconding

31,807€ [£25,286]

15,903,323€ [£12,642,912]

Refused regular or Pro Re Nata medicines or demand of Pro Re Nata medicines

26,112€ [£20,759]

13,055,998€ [£10,379,330]

Cost of all conflict behavior

182,616€ [£145,177]

91,308,194€ [£72,588,694]

Containment events costs

Cost per ward

Cost nationally

Given Pro Re Nata or intramuscular medicines

28,916€ [£22,988]

14,457,777€ [£11,493,724]

Sent to Intensive Care Unit or Intermediate Care Area

2,549€ [£2,026]

1,274,497€ [£1,013,207]

Intermittent and constant special observation

204,072€ [£162,234]

102,035,487€ [£81,116,737]

Show of force, manual restraint and seclusion

28,518€ [£22,671]

14,259,142€ [£11,335,812]

Time out

3,015€ [£2,397]

1,507,595€ [£1,198,516]

Cost of all containment events

267,069€ [£212,316]

133,534,500€ [£106,157,997]