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Table 3 Comparaison of the chracteristics of women both groups at D30-40

From: Early identification of women at risk of postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in a sample of Lebanese women

  

Absence of PPD n (%)

Presence of PPD n (%)

p*

N

 

130 (87.2%)

19 (12.8%)

 

Mean Age

 

31.7

32.6

0.477

Region of Residency

Beirut

40 (30.8%)

4 (21.0%)

0.653

 

South

6 (4.6%)

1 (5.3%)

 
 

Mount-Lebanon

75 (57.7%)

12 (63.1%)

 
 

North

3 (2.3%)

1 (5.3%)

 
 

Bekaa

4 (3.1%)

1 (5.3%)

 
 

Nabatiyeh

2 (1.5%)

0 (0%)

 

Lebanese

Yes

128 (98.5%)

19 (100%)

1.000

 

No

2 (1.5%)

0 (0%)

 

Education

Elementary

0 (0%)

1 (5.3%)

0.075

 

Intermediate

10 (7.7%)

0 (0%)

 
 

Secondary

7 (5.4%)

3 (15.8%)

 
 

University

90 (69.2%)

11 (57.9%)

 
 

Postuniversity

19 (14.6%)

4 (21%)

 
 

Other

4 (3.1%)

0 (0%)

 

Occupation

Unemployed

32 (25%)

5 (26.3%)

0.470

 

Employee

64 (50%)

8 (42.1%)

 
 

Executive

12 (9.4%)

4 (21.1%)

 
 

Liberal profession

20 (15.6%)

2 (10.5%)

 

Family Support

Absent

7 (5.4%)

4 (21.1%)

0.060

 

Present

123 (94.6%)

15 (78.9%)

 

Personnal History of Depression

Yes

9 (7%)

4 (21.1%)

0.066

 

No

120 (93%)

15 (78.9%)

 

Family History of Depression

Yes

9 (7%)

7 (36.8%)

0.001

 

No

120 (93%)

12 (63.2%)

 

Perception of Pregnancy

Easy

54 (41.9%)

4 (21.1%)

0.130

 

Average

44 (34.1%)

7 (36.8%)

 
 

Difficult

31 (24%)

8 (42.1%)

 

Perception of Delivery

Easy

44 (34.4%)

4 (22.2%)

0.544

 

Average

41 (32%)

6 (33.4%)

 
 

Difficult

43 (33.6%)

8 (44.4%)

 

Newborn’s gender

Male

63 (48.5%)

12 (63.2%)

0.326

 

Female

67 (51.5%)

7 (36.8%)

 

Pregnancy Term

<36 WG

10 (7.8%)

3 (15.8%)

0.473

 

36-40 WG

109 (84.4%)

15 (78.9%)

 
 

>40 WG

10 (7.8%)

1 (5.3%)

 

Delivery route

Vaginal

27 (20.8%)

3 (15.8%)

0.553

 

Vaccum

30 (23.1%)

2 (10.5%)

 
 

Forceps

2 (1.5%)

0 (0%)

 
 

Vaccum + Forceps

1 (0.8%)

0 (0%)

 
 

C-section

70 (53.8%)

14 (73.7%)

 

Birth order

Primiparous

50 (38.5%)

5 (26.3%)

0.446

 

Multiparous

80 (61.5%)

14 (73.7%)

 

Twin Pregnancy

Yes

6 (4.6%)

0 (0%)

1.000

 

No

124 (95.4%)

19 (100%)

 

Chronic medical problem for the mother

Yes

54 (41.5%)

15 (78.9%)

0.003

 

No

76 (58.5%)

4 (21.1%)

 

Transfer of the mother to ICU

Yes

1 (0.8%)

2 (10.5%)

0.043

 

No

129 (99.2%)

17 (89.5%)

 

Newborn at birth

Dead

1 (0.8%)

0 (0%)

1.000

 

Alive

129 (99.2%)

19 (100%)

 

Foetal medical problem

Yes

15 (11.5%)

3 (15.8%)

0.704

 

No

115 (88.5%)

16 (84.2%)

 

Newborn transfer to ICU

Yes

15 (11.6%)

5 (26.3%)

0.050

 

No

114 (88.4%)

14 (73.7%)

 

Breastfeeding

No (baby dead)

1 (0.8%)

0 (0%)

0.272

 

Breastfeeding + 1–2 cups during hospital stay

21 (16.2%)

1 (5.3%)

 
 

No breastfeeding

6 (4.6%)

3 (15.8%)

 
 

Breastfeeding + >2 cups/day

22 (16.9%)

2 (10.5%)

 
 

Exclusive

80 (61.5%)

13 (68.4%)

 
  1. WG: Weeks of Gestation; ICU: Intensive Care Unit; *Significance threshold p ≤ 0.05