Different patterns of cortical excitability in major depression and vascular depression: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Table 2 Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of patients and controls

Variable	VD	MD	Control	Kruskal Wallis ANOVA
				H(2.33)	p-value
Age	67.72 ± 3.29	57.18 ± 7.12	67.36 ± 3.75	12.20	0.002*
Age at onset	62.27 ± 5.04	27.82 ± 7.32	-	-	-
Education	7.91 ± 5.75	12.18 ± 5.98	9.64 ± 5.08	3.25	0.197
MMSE	26.62 ± 1.58	27.53 ± 2.03	28.36 ± 1.85	5.49	0.064
ADL	5.82 ± 0.40	5.81 ± 0.6	6 ± 0	2.00	0.366
IADL	7.54 ± 1.21	7.36 ± 1.027	7.82 ± 0.4	1.39	0.498
HAM-D17	15.91 ± 7.23	20.27 ± 4.41	4.73 ± 2.41	23.02	0.00001*
SCID-I	2.00 ± 0.00	2.00 ± 0.00	-	-	-
StroopT	45.70 ± 17.88	34.09 ± 14.37	26.6 ± 11.29	6.82	0.0330*
StroopE	2.38 ± 2.71	1.36 ± 1.63	0.94 ± 1.14	1.98	0.370
FAB	15.24 ± 2.33	15.12 ± 1.61	16.5 ± 1.78	3.17	0.204

VD = vascular depression; MD = major depression; MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination; ADL = Activity of Daily Living; IADL = Instrumental Activity of Daily Living; HAM-D17 = 17-items Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; SCID-I = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders; Stroop T = Stroop Color-Word Test interference score; Stroop E = Stroop Color-Word Test interference number of errors; FAB = Frontal Assessment Battery. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. * = p < 0.05.

ISSN: 1471-244X