Skip to main content

Table 3 Pharmacokinetic parameters across the day for head-to-head pharmacokinetic studies (presented for single-dose comparison only)

From: Long-acting methylphenidate formulations in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review of head-to-head studies

 

Cmax, ng/mL

Tmax, hours

AUC, ng • h/mL

 

Cmax0–4

Cmax4–10

Cmax

Tmax0–4

Tmax4–10

Tmax

AUC0–4

AUC4–10

AUC0–∞

Gonzalez et al., 2002[20] (fasted state)

Concerta®

–

–

–

–

–

–

6.28

–

36.43

(18 mg)

      

(2.65)

 

(13.50)

Equasym XL®

–

–

–

–

–

–

10.01

–

39.74

(20 mg)

      

(3.06)

 

(11.75)

Concerta®

–

–

–

–

–

–

11.88

–

94.05

(36 mg)

      

(5.86)

 

(44.51)

Equasym XL®

–

–

–

–

–

–

20.36

–

98.49

(2 × 20 mg)

      

(8.74)

 

(52.05)

Concerta®

–

–

–

–

–

–

18.81

–

143.38

(54 mg)

      

(7.18)

 

(64.83)

Equasym XL®

–

–

–

–

–

–

32.01

–

145.34

(3 × 20 mg)

      

(13.09)

 

(65.21)

Haessler et al., 2008[26] (fed state)

Ritalin LA®

11.8

12.8

13.3

–

–

–

33.5

57.8

126.8

(40 mg)

(3.95)

(4.13)

(4.04)

   

(11.07)

(16.91)

(34.5)

Medikinet® retard

16.5

18.3

19.6

–

–

–

42.4

68.0

141.5

(40 mg)

(6.69)

(5.66)

(5.95)

   

(16.54)

(19.47)

(38.3)

Haessler et al., 2008[26] (fasted state)

Ritalin LA®

10.0

14.5

14.5

–

–

–

27.6

57.1

114.1

(40 mg)

(3.51)

(3.02)

(3.02)

   

(8.89)

(14.36)

(30.8)

Medikinet® retard

16.5

14.7

17.1

–

–

–

44.9

49.3

115.7

(40 mg)

(4.62)

(4.45)

(4.88)

   

(14.77)

(18.47)

(37.2)

Markowitz et al., 2003[22] (fasted state)

Concerta®

3.4

–

5.9

3.3

–

6.0

9.3

–

66.9

(18 mg)

(44)a

 

(37)a

(36)a

 

(28)a

(51)a

 

(49)a

Ritalin LA®

7.0

–

9.9

2.1

–

5.5

18.5

–

78.7

(20 mg)

(47)a

 

(41)a

(48)a

 

(15)a

(44)a

 

(54)a

Modi et al., 2000[23] (fasted state)

Concerta®

–

–

3.75

–

–

6.7

–

–

42.0

(18 mg)

  

(1.0)

  

(1.8)

  

(14)

Ritalin SR®

–

–

4.84

–

–

3.7

–

–

46.7

(20 mg)

  

(1.6)

  

(1.6)

  

(16)

Pierce et al., 2010[24] (fasted state; age 6–12 years)

Concerta®

–

–

7.80

–

–

6.02

–

–

94.2

(18 mg)

  

(3.35)

  

(4.0–10.0)b

  

(43.8)

Daytrana®

–

–

9.30

–

–

10.0

–

–

99.2

(10 mg/9 hours)

  

(3.60)

  

(8.0–12.0)b

  

(42.9)

Pierce et al., 2010[24] (fasted state; age 13–17 years)

Concerta®

–

–

4.95

–

–

8.0

–

–

60.1

(18 mg)

  

(1.42)

  

(1.0–10.0)b

  

(16.3)

Daytrana®

–

–

4.15

–

–

10.0

–

–

48.7

(10 mg/9 hours)

  

(2.59)

  

(6.0–12.0)b

  

(21.9)

Reiz et al., 2008[25] (fed state)

Concerta®

3.33

4.09

4.13

2.51

5.86

4.96

8.77

26.29

48.21

(18 mg)

(1.03)

(1.01)c

(1.01)

(1.15)

(1.61)c

(2.56)

(3.37)

(5.57)c

(9.79)

Biphentin®

4.8

4.73

5.07

2.26

6.02

3.71

12.35

28.57

54.01

(20 mg)

(1.39)

(1.09)c

(1.32)

(0.64)

(1.26)c

(2.03)

(3.78)

(6.68)c

(13.11)

Schutz et al., 2009[28] (fed state)

Equasym XL®

3.82

–

4.05

3.24

–

3.99

9.66

–

37.35

(20 mg)

(0.96)

 

(0.96)

(1.13)

 

(1.88)

(3.24)

 

(10.92)

Medikinet® retard

4.83

–

5.26

2.82

–

4.06

11.72

–

39.90

(20 mg)

(1.87)

 

(2.11)

(1.00)

 

(1.65)

(4.64)

 

(13.77)

Tuerck et al., 2007[27] (fasted state)

Focalin XR®

13.7

14.9

15.5

1.5

6.5

5.8

36.3

59.1

119

(20 mg)

(4.6)

(4.0)

(4.3)

(1.0–2.0)b

(4.5–7.0)b

(1.0–7.0)b

(10.6)

(16.0)

(40.7)

Ritalin LA®

13.2

16.3

16.4

2.0

6.5

6.5

35.0

60.9

122

(40 mg)

(3.0)

(4.5)

(4.4)

(1.5–4.5)b

(4.0–8.0)b

(2.0–7.0)b

(8.7)

(15.0)

(36.3)

  1. Data are shown as mean (standard deviation) unless stated otherwise.
  2. AUC, area under the curve; C max , maximum plasma methylphenidate concentration; T max , time to maximum plasma methylphenidate concentration.
  3. aPercentage coefficient of variation; bmedian (range); c4–12 hours post-dose.
  4. N.B. Spencer et al., 2010 [21] did not present the values listed; therefore this reference was not included in the table.
Back to article page

BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

Contact us