From: Validity and reliability of a Persian version of the self- evaluation of negative symptoms (SNS)
 |  | Patients n = 50 | Controls n = 50 | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) |  | 39.5 ± 11.1 | 38.2 ± 11.2 | 0.90 |
Education (years) |  | 9.8 ± 2.4 | 11.6 ± 2.2 | 0.07 |
Sex- N (% males)a | Â | 34 (68.0%) | 33 (66.0%) | 0.83 |
SNS | Social withdrawal | 5.9 ± 2.7 | 0.86 ± 1.3 | < 0.0001 |
 | Decreased emotional range | 5.7 ± 2.5 | 0.69 ± 1.1 | < 0.0001 |
 | Alogia | 5.8 ± 2.5 | 0.53 ± 0.9 | < 0.0001 |
 | Avolition | 6.1 ± 2.2 | 0.94 ± 1.2 | < 0.0001 |
 | Anhedonia | 5.1 ± 2.5 | 0.41 ± 0.6 | < 0.0001 |
 | Total score | 28.4 ± 11.0 | 3.4 ± 3.5 | < 0.0001 |
SANS | Total score | 71.1 ± 20.1 | 9.6 ± 8.9 | < 0.0001 |
BPRS | Negative symptoms | 8.1 ± 2.4 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | < 0.0001 |
 | Total score | 40.1 ± 5.7 | 18.6 ± 3.0 | < 0.0001 |
CDSS | Total score | 6.2 ± 3.5 | – | – |
 | CDSS score > 8 (%) | 20 | – | – |
Length of illness (years) |  | 9.4 ± 6.6 | – | – |
Age at onset (years) |  | 19.3 ± 5.7 | – | – |
Mean chlorpromazine equivalent (mg) |  | 468.7 ± 241.6 |  |  |