Temporal relationships between happiness and psychiatric disorders and their symptom severity in a large cohort study: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)

Table 2 Baseline and 3-yr follow-up SRH scores in the different MDD and SAD groups

Groups	n	SRH at baseline		SRH at 3-yr follow-up		Results paired t-tests		Stability SRH scores
		M	SD	M	SD	t	d	ICC	95%CI
Total sample	1816	5.0	1.0	5.1	1.0	3.17 **	0.12	.64	.62–.67
Unaffected during FU	1126	5.4	0.8	5.4	0.8	3.71 ***	0.11	.57	.53–.60
Occurrence during FU
MDD	161	4.7	0.9	4.3	1.1	−5.18 ***	0.37	.54	.39–.67
SAD	86	4.5	1.0	4.4	1.2	−0.70 ns	0.08	.52	.34–.65
Recovery during FU
MDD	166	4.1	1.0	4.6	1.0	6.29 ***	.56	.57	.53–.60
SAD	72	4.3	1.0	4.7	1.0	3.57 ***	.43	.63	.47–.75
Chronically affected during FU
MDD	94	3.8	1.2	3.8	1.2	0.27 ns	0.00	.54	.39–.67
SAD	69	4.0	1.1	4.1	1.2	1.13 ns	0.14	.73	.60–.82

SRH Self-Rated Happiness scale. The t values are results of the paired sample t-test on SRH scores at baseline and 3-yr follow-up, d = Cohen’s d; ICC Intra-Class Correlation

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