Table 1 Characteristics of total responders by psychological distress score range
From: Psychological distress among Italians during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) quarantine
| Â | Normal | Mild-Moderate | Severe | Total | ORa | CI 95% | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | |||||||
 Male | 3962 (38.7) | 1895 (21.9) | 150 (14.3) | 6007 (30.1) | Reference |  |  |
 Female | 6277 (61.3) | 6764 (78.1) | 901 (85.7) | 13,942 (69.9) | 2.37 | 2.22–2.52 | <.0001 |
Missing | 301 | 238 | 30 | 569 | Â | Â | Â |
Age | |||||||
 18–30 | 1500 (14.5) | 1393 (16.1) | 206 (19.7) | 3099 (15.4) | 1.03 | 0.95–1.12 | 0.4785 |
 31–50 | 3993 (38.6) | 3649 (42.1) | 482 (46.2) | 8124 (40.5) | Reference |  |  |
 51–65 | 3577 (34.6) | 2840 (32.7) | 299 (28.6) | 6716 (33.5) | 0.85 | 0.80–0.91 | <.0001 |
 ≥66 | 1277 (12.3) | 793 (9.1) | 57 (5.5) | 2127 (10.6) | 0.64 | 0.58–0.71 | <.0001 |
Missing | 193 | 222 | 37 | 452 | Â | Â | Â |
Education | |||||||
 First level | 591 (5.8) | 561 (6.5) | 87 (8.3) | 1239 (6.2) | 1.25 | 1.11–1.40 | 0.0003 |
 Second level | 3866 (38.0) | 3493 (40.6) | 464 (44.4) | 7823 (39.5) | 1.16 | 1.10–1.23 | <.0001 |
 University | 5724 (56.2) | 4545 (52.9) | 495 (47.3) | 10,764 (54.3) | Reference |  |  |
Missing | 359 | 298 | 35 | 692 | Â | Â | Â |
Work | |||||||
 Workers | 7299 (70.1) | 6080 (69.3) | 698 (65.1) | 14,077 (69.5) | Reference |  |  |
 Students | 689 (6.6) | 704 (8.0) | 120 (11.2) | 1513 (7.5) | 1.29 | 1.16–1.43 | <.0001 |
 Unemployed | 330 (3.2) | 420 (4.8) | 81 (7.5) | 831 (4.1) | 1.64 | 1.42–1.89 | <.0001 |
 Others | 2093 (20.1) | 1565 (17.8) | 174 (16.2) | 3832 (18.9) | 0.90 | 0.83–0.97 | 0.0024 |
Missing | 129 | 128 | 8 | 265 | Â | Â | Â |
House | |||||||
 1–2 rooms | 1480(14.5) | 1460 (16.9) | 217 (20.8) | 3157 (15.9) | 1.23 | 1.14–1.33 | <.0001 |
 ≥3 rooms | 8731 (85.5) | 7201 (83.1) | 824 (79.2) | 16,756 (84.1) | Reference |  |  |
Missing | 329 | 236 | 40 | 605 | Â | Â | Â |
Live with | |||||||
 Alone | 1431 (13.8) | 1191 (13.7) | 147 (13.8) | 2769 (13.7) | Reference |  |  |
 2 components | 3029 (29.2) | 2334 (26.8) | 245 (23.0) | 5608 (27.8) | 0.91 | 0.83–1.00 | 0.0447 |
 3 components | 2497 (24.1) | 2187 (25.1) | 244 (22.9) | 4928 (24.5) | 1.04 | 0.95–1.14 | 0.3950 |
 More than 3 components | 3410 (32.9) | 3003 (34.5) | 428 (40.2) | 6841 (34.0) | 1.08 | 0.99–1.18 | 0.3950 |
Missing | 173 | 182 | 17 | 372 | Â | Â | Â |
New health problems during previous 14 days | |||||||
 Nothing | 9528 (93.4) | 7638 (88.8) | 863 (82.3) | 18,029 (90.8) | Reference |  |  |
 Symptomatics | 480 (4.7) | 748 (8.7) | 155 (14.8) | 1383 (7.0) | 2.11 | 1.88–2.36 | <.0001 |
 Non symptomatics | 192 (1.9) | 218 (2.5) | 30 (2.9) | 440 (2.2) | 1.45 | 1.20–1.75 | 0.0001 |
Missing | 340 | 293 | 33 | 666 | Â | Â | Â |
Contact with Covid-19 positive people | |||||||
 Yes | 861 (8.3) | 943 (10.8) | 151 (14.2) | 1955 (9.7) | 1.38 | 1.26–1.52 | <.0001 |
 No | 9515 (91.7 | 7828 (89.2) | 915 (85.8) | 18,258 (90.3) | Reference |  |  |
Missing | 164 | 126 | 15 | 305 | Â | Â | Â |
Left the house in the previous week | |||||||
 Yes | 6852 (67.1) | 5285 (61.6) | 546 (52.1) | 12,683 (63.9) | Reference |  |  |
 No | 3362 (32.9) | 3293 (38.4) | 501 (47.9) | 7156 (36.1) | 1.33 | 1.25–1.41 | <.0001 |
Missing | 326 | 319 | 34 | 679 | Â | Â | Â |
Total | 10,540 (51.4) | 8897 (43.4) | 1081 (5.3) | 20,518 (100) | Â | Â | Â |