A tool to evaluate proportionality and necessity in the use of restrictive practices in forensic mental health settings: the DRILL tool (Dundrum restriction, intrusion and liberty ladders)

Table 4 DRILL Intervention Ladders: Contingency management interactions

DRILL Intervention Ladders:						n = 2175	(%)
De-escalation						188	(8.8)
Restriction of privacy						401	(18.4)
Intrusion of bodily integrity (medication)						101	(4.6)
Physical restraint						85	(3.9)
Restriction on the use of space						380	(17.6)
Restriction of bodily space & intrusion of bodily integrity						146	(6.7)
Mechanical restraint						0	(0)
Situational coercion						2093	(96.2)
Total						3394
Rating		De-escalation	Observations / restriction of privacy	Personal searches	Extra medication	Situational Coercion	Manual restraint		Restraint (mech’l)
No intervention	0	1965	1770	2013	2058	0	2074	1779	2159
Anticipation	1	105	320	0	65	1994	66	79	0
Reaction	2	23	28	1	14	4	5	229	0
Intrusion	3	8	0	80	21	4	5	0	0
Restriction	4	51	37	65	1	44	9	14	0
Constraint	5	1	16	0	0	47	0	58	0
Missing data		22	4	16	16	82	16	16	16
Total		2175	2175	2175	2175	2175	2175	2175	2175

ISSN: 1471-244X