Problematic internet use in children and adolescents: associations with psychiatric disorders and impairment

BMC Psychiatry

Table 2 Rates of Psychiatric Diagnosis with Internet Use (Self-Report)

Diagnosis	PIU Absent n = 440 (78.01%)	PIU Present n = 124 (21.99%)	OR (95% CI)	p	aOR^a (95% CI)	p	aOR^b (95% CI)	p
ASD	61 [70.93%]	25 [29.07%]	1.57 (0.94–2.62)	0.08	1.55 (0.90–2.61)	0.10	1.44 (0.83–2.46)	0.18
Anxiety	140 [76.50%]	43 [23.50%]	1.14 (0.75–1.73)	0.55	1.18 (0.76–1.82)	0.45	1.01 (0.60–1.68)	0.96
Depression	31 [62.00%]	19 [38.00%]	2.39 (1.30–4.37)	<.001	2.43 (1.26–4.61)	0.01	2.43 (1.22–4.74)	0.01
ADHD-C	107 [69.93%]	46 [30.07%]	1.84 (1.20–2.80)	<.001	1.97 (1.26–3.09)	<.001	1.91 (1.14–3.22)	0.01
ADHD-I	140 [79.55%]	36 [20.45%]	0.88 (0.57–1.35)	0.55	0.82 (0.52–1.28)	0.40	1.07 (0.63–1.78)	0.81
Social Anxiety	49 [77.78%]	14 [22.22%]	1.02 (0.55–1.90)	0.96	1.04 (0.53–1.94)	0.90	0.96 (0.43–2.04)	0.91

^aAdjusted for sex, age, SES, collection site, and single caregiver; ^bAdjusted for sex, age, SES, collection site, single caregiver and all diagnoses
Prevalence rates and adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for associations between DSM-5 disorders (lifetime prevalence) and Problematic Internet Use (PIU) determined by a self-report score above or below a cut-off score of 40 on the Internet Addiction Test

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