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Table 3 Multiple linear regression models of specific relationships between IGF-1(ng/ml) serum levels and MADRS symptoms (n = 125) a

From: Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 as a potential marker for MDD diagnosis, its clinical characteristics, and treatment efficacy validation: data from an open-label vortioxetine study

Variables

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

β (SE)

St. β

β (SE)

St. β

β (SE)

St. β

β (SE)

St. β

Age, years

−1.81 (0.69)

− 0.22*

− 1.72 (0.69)

− 0.21*

− 1.80 (0.69)

− 0.22*

−1.72 (0.69)

− 0.21*

Gender

27.10 (17.52)

0.13

25.81 (17.94)

0.13

26.37 (17.48)

0.13

24.29 (17.89)

0.12

Education, years

4.13 (3.98)

0.08

4.61 (3.97)

0.09

3.82 (3.98)

0.08

4.23 (3.96)

0.09

MADRS total score

−15.79 (8.45)

−2.26

− 13.78 (8.54)

−1.97

− 16.27 (8.44)

− 2.33

−14.05 (8.50)

− 2.01

MADRS items:

Apparent sadness

−1.78 (16.54)

−0.03

−2.85 (16.45)

− 0.05

0.73 (16.61)

0.01

−0.24 (16.47)

− 0.004

Reported sadness

46.96 (17.79)

0.92*

45.64 (17.73)

0.89*

45.90 (17.76)

0.90*

44.19 (17.68)

0.87*

Inner tension

32.85 (10.09)

0.55*

30.62 (10.16)

0.51*

33.49 (10.07)

0.56*

31.03 (10.12)

0.51*

Reduced sleep

13.57 (10.31)

0.26

11.11 (10.33)

0.21

15.04 (10.34)

0.29

12.52 (10.33)

0.24

Reduced appetite

14.88 (12.08)

0.24

12.86 (12.05)

0.21

15.45 (12.06)

0.25

13.34 (11.99)

0.21

Concentration difficulties

29.52 (11.68)

0.51*

27.43 (11.96)

0.47*

28.79 (11.67)

0.50*

26.11 (11.94)

0.45*

Lassitude

−5.56 (13.34)

−0.10

−8.99 (13.43)

−0.16

−4.97 (13.31)

− 0.09

− 8.70 (13.37)

− 0.16

Inability to feel

8.13 (13.35)

0.14

3.58 (13.72)

0.06

6.73 (13.36)

0.12

1.41 (13.74)

0.03

Pessimistic thoughts

30.71 (13.29)

0.51*

27.72 (13.48)

0.46*

29.62 (13.28)

0.49*

26.02 (13.47)

0.43

Suicidal thoughts

10.36 (12.21)

0.11

11.01 (12.13)

0.11

13.18 (12.38)

0.14

14.26 (12.29)

0.15

Number of DE

 

–

7.39 (6.17)

0.12

 

–

8.47 (6.19)

0.13

Duration of DE, weeks

 

–

 

–

0.225 (0.18)

0.1

0.25 (0.18)

0.12

  1. a IGF-1 level was entered as a dependent outcome and all MADRS symptoms together in the same model as independent variables, along with increasing confounder adjustment. β (SE) and standardized β are presented. Model 1 = adjusted for age, gender, education, and depression severity (according to MADRS); Model 2 = Model 1 + number of the DE; Model 3 = Model 1 + duration of the DE; Model 4 = Model 1 + number + duration of the DE; SE, standard error; *p < 0.05
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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