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Table 2 Results of factors associated with depression

From: Association between health behaviours and depression: findings from a national cross-sectional study in South Korea

Variables

Depression

Male

 

Female

OR

95% CI

 

OR

95% CI

Total

Health behavioursa

  Yes

1.00

    

1.00

   

  No

1.48

(1.31

–

1.68)

 

1.42

(1.32

–

1.53)

Age (years)

 19–29

1.00

    

1.00

   

 30–39

1.03

(0.85

–

1.26)

 

0.67

(0.58

–

0.77)

 40–49

0.62

(0.50

–

0.76)

 

0.47

(0.41

–

0.55)

 50–59

0.57

(0.46

–

0.71)

 

0.45

(0.39

–

0.53)

  ≥ 60

0.61

(0.49

–

0.76)

 

0.45

(0.38

–

0.54)

Marital Status

 Living with spouse

1.00

    

1.00

   

 Living without spouse

1.59

(1.43

–

1.77)

 

1.63

(1.52

–

1.75)

Region

 Metropolitan area

1.00

    

1.00

   

 Rural

0.92

(0.83

–

1.02)

 

0.92

(0.85

–

0.98)

Occupational categoriesb

 White

1.00

    

1.00

   

 Pink

1.35

(1.09

–

1.67)

 

0.99

(0.86

–

1.14)

 Blue

1.21

(1.02

–

1.45)

 

0.88

(0.76

–

1.02)

 Inoccupation

3.07

(2.56

–

3.69)

 

1.69

(1.50

–

1.91)

Educational level

 Middle school or less

1.65

(1.41

–

1.93)

 

1.77

(1.53

–

2.04)

 High school

1.16

(1.01

–

1.33)

 

1.32

(1.18

–

1.48)

 College or over

1.00

    

1.00

   

Household income

 Low

2.21

(1.84

–

2.66)

 

1.89

(1.66

–

2.16)

 Mid-low

1.22

(1.03

–

1.44)

 

1.32

(1.17

–

1.49)

 Mid-high

0.99

(0.83

–

1.18)

 

1.09

(0.96

–

1.24)

 High

1.00

    

1.00

   

Obesity Status (BMI)d

 Underweight and Normal range

1.00

    

1.00

   

 Overweight

0.67

(0.59

–

0.75)

 

0.80

(0.73

–

0.87)

 Obese

0.69

(0.62

–

0.78)

 

0.87

(0.80

–

0.94)

The number of chronic diseasese

 0

1.00

    

1.00

   

 1

1.25

(1.11

–

1.40)

 

1.26

(1.14

–

1.39)

  ≥ 2

1.56

(1.38

–

1.77)

 

1.47

(1.33

–

1.62)

Perceived health status

 Good

1.00

    

1.00

   

 Bad

4.16

(3.58

–

4.85)

 

2.75

(2.47

–

3.07)

Perceived stress

 Substantial

9.29

(8.41

–

10.26)

 

8.39

(7.83

–

8.98)

 Less

1.00

    

1.00

   
  1. aThose classified as practising-health-behaviours group met all three conditions: not smoking (or 0 pack-year), not belonging to high-risk drinking group and walking for 30 min over 5 days per week
  2. bThree groups (white, pink, blue) based on the International Standard Classification Occupations codes. Inoccupation group includes housewives
  3. cBMI Body mass index/obesity status defined by BMI based on the 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for
  4. Overweight and Obesity in Korea
  5. dChronic disease was defined diagnosed diseases: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and arthritis. The number of chronic diseasese is the sum of the number of diagnosed above diseases