Skip to main content

Table 3 Maternal and child characteristics according to maternal depressive symptoms trajectories groups

From: Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from the antenatal period to 24-months postnatal follow-up: findings from the 2015 Pelotas birth cohort

Variables

Maternal depressive symptoms trajectories groups

p-Value

Group 1 “Low”

Group 2 “Moderate low”

Group 3 “increasing”

Group 4 “Decreasing-persistent”

Group 5 “Chronic high”

n = 1109

n = 1219

n = 298

n = 294

n = 120

Maternal variables

 ABEP, mean (sd)a

28.0 (9.6)

25.8 (9.0)

23.5 (8.8)

21.2 (8.3)

18.8 (6.3)

< 0.001

 Schooling (years), mean (sd)a

11.6 (3.7)

10.5 (3.7)

9.3 (3.7)

8.2 (3.6)

7.3 (2.9)

< 0.001

 Maternal age (years), mean (sd)a

28.1 (6.2)

27.1 (6.6)

27.4 (6.9)

25.8 (6.6)

27.0 (6.9)

< 0.001

 Single mother, (%)

7.6

12.9

13.8

23.8

25.8

< 0.001

 Skin color, White (%)

79.1

74.0

68.6

57.6

60.0

< 0.001

 Parity ≥2 (%)

42.7

46.1

60.3

60.8

73.3

< 0.001

 Depression before pregnancy (%)

8.5

16.1

24.2

33.3

51.7

< 0.001

 Unplanned pregnancy (%)

36.1

41.7

50.5

54.76

66.7

< 0.001

 Prenatal consultations ≤6 (%)

7.3

8.9

13..5

17.6

21.9

< 0.001

 Worked during pregnancy (%)

35.3

40.1

53.2

54.1

59.2

< 0.001

 Smoking during pregnancy (%)

6.8

13.9

21.5

27.5

25.8

< 0.001

 Alcohol during pregnancy (%)

4.9

5.9

11.1

11.2

11.7

< 0.001

 Drugs during pregnancy (%)

0.3

0.9

2.7

3.4

2.5

< 0.001

 C-section (%)

70.6

67.1

63.9

60.5

55.8

< 0.001

 Self-rated health poor/very poor (%)

4.5

11.9

25.6

24.9

60.7

< 0.001

Child variables

 Sex, male (%)

51.5

49.3

54.0

51.4

48.3

0.580

 Low birthweight (%)

9.9

8.9

7.4

9.5

11.7

0.574

 APGAR 5′ ≤ 6(%)

0.9

1.0

0.0

0.3

1.7

0.302

 Intermediate or intensive care hospitalization after birth (%)

7.9

7.4

6.7

7.8

11.7

0.510

  1. X2 Test for all except a
  2. a ANOVA test