Table 3 Association between demographic and psychiatric characteristics and help-seeking (yes/no)

Sex

Male

1

1

Female

3.23 (2.28–4.56)

2.89 (1.81–4.62)

Age group

18–39

1

1

40–54

0.40 (0.26–0.61)

0.38 (0.22–0.66)

55+

0.42 (0.27–0.65)

0.25 (0.12–0.53)

Resident area

Urban

1

–

Rural

1.13 (0.75–1.71)

–

Marital status

Never married

1

1

Married

0.38 (0.26–0.55)

0.69 (0.41–1.17)

Divorced/lost spouse

0.53 (0.27–1.03)

0.61 (0.26–1.45)

Years of education

0–6

1

1

7–9

0.56 (0.34–0.92)

0.47 (0.25–0.88)

10–12

1.03 (0.64–1.63)

0.95 (0.50–1.80)

13+

0.67 (0.41–1.08)

0.61 (0.30–1.24)

Employment status

Housewife

1

1

Employed

0.51 (0.28–0.94)

0.95 (0.46–1.96)

Retired

0.48 (0.24–0.98)

1.60 (0.67–3.82)

Unemployed/lost job

0.99 (0.50–1.96)

0.92 (0.42–2.03)

Farmer

0.51 (0.23–1.11)

0.53 (0.22–1.31)

Per capita family income

Below median or do not know

1

1

Above median

0.46 (0.33–0.65)

0.58 (0.37–0.91)

Living status

Living alone

1

–

Living with other people

1.98 (0.99–3.97)

–

GHQ score

0–3

1

1

4+

2.04 (1.4–2.98)

1.25 (0.80–1.96)

GAF disability

Mild

1

1

Moderate to severe

2.56 (1.74–3.75)

1.43 (0.84–2.43)

Mood disorders

no

1

1

yes

1.79 (1.28–2.50)

1.10 (0.71–1.73)

Anxiety disorders

no

1

–

yes

1.32 (0.88–1.97)

–

Substance use disorders

no

1

1

yes

0.22 (0.14–0.35)

0.54 (0.29–1.01)

Psychotic disorders

no

1

1

yes

11.44 (5.89–22.22)

9.44 (4.19–21.26)

Organic mental disorders

no

1

–

yes

1.40 (0.79–2.48)

–

Other mental disorders

no

1

–

yes

1.93 (0.82–4.55)

–

Only NOS disorder

No

1

–

yes

1.23 (0.84–1.78)

–

Number of diagnoses

1

1

1

2 or more

2.32 (1.49–3.61)

2.5 (1.40–4.45)