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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the participants in the three study groups

From: Psychiatric symptoms and risk factors in adults born preterm with very low birthweight or born small for gestational age at term

 

Preterm VLBW (N = 61)

p

Term SGA (N = 68)

p

Control (N = 88)

Maternal smoking at conception, n (%)

–

–

34/58 (59)

.029

34/85 (40)

Maternal age at birth, years (n = 60/58/85) mean (SD)

28.4 (5.1)

.009

28.6 (3.9)

.007

30.6 (4.4)

Maternal glucocorticoid before birth, n (%)

29/59 (49)

–

–

–

–

Birth characteristics, mean (SD)

 Birthweight, g

1203 (247)

–

2938 (193)

–

3702 (451)

 Gestational age, weeks

28.9 (2.7)

–

39.6 (1.2)

–

39.8 (1.2)

 Head circumference, cm (n = 49/57/85)

27.0 (2.5)

–

33.8 (1.1)

–

35.4 (1.1)

Male sex, n (%)

33/61 (54)

.420

33/68 (49)

.420

38/88 (43)

Twins, n (%) a

9/61 (15)

–

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

Perinatal factors, mean (SD)

 Apgar at 5 min (n = 59/57/83)

8.3 (1.8)

<.001

9.9 (0.3)

.564

9.8 (1.0)

 Days in NICU (n = 58/−/−) b

67.6 (32.0)

–

–

–

–

 Days with respiratory support (n = 60/−/−) c

5.7 (12.1)

–

–

–

–

 IVH, n (%) d

9/59 (15)

–

–

–

–

Motor function, mean (SD)

 BSID Psychomotor Developmental Index at 1 year (n = 22/48/75)

99.1 (18.4)

.141

104.4 (13.5)

.141

107.8 (11.8)

 PDMS Eye/hand coordination at 5 years (n = 23/56/71)

79.4 (5.8)

.734

78.5 (5.1)

.033

80.9 (3.3)

 PDMS Balance at 5 years (n = 23/57/71)

57.3 (4.5)

.286

58.3 (4.8)

.286

59.0 (4.4)

 PDMS Locomotion at 5 years (n = 23/56/71)

100.7 (10.9)

.264

104.1 (8.6)

.264

105.9 (5.4)

 Movement ABC total score, at 14 years (n = 41/48/68)

11.6 (8.4)

<.001

6.8 (5.3)

.770

6.0 (4.1)

CP, n (%)

3/61 (5)

–

0 (0)

–

0 (0)

Cognitive function, mean IQ (SD)

 WPSSI 5 years (n = 21/52/75)

94.9 (16.6)

<.001

100 (12.7)

.001

108.0 (12.7)

 WISC 14 years (n = 44/49/69) e

81.0 (21.6)

<.001

92.0 (15.8)

.171

96.2 (16.7)

 WAIS 19 years (n = 46/46/68)

88.4 (11.9)

<.001

95.7 (9.2)

.004

101.7 (12.3)

 IQ < 85, WAIS 19 years, n (%)

16/46 (35)

<.001

6/46 (13)

.347

5/68 (7)

Parental SES, mean (SD) (n = 50/55/74) f

3.5 (1.2)

.372

3.7 (1.2)

.372

3.8 (1.1)

Age at participation, years, mean (SD)

26.4 (0.7)

.084

26.5 (0.6)

.952

26.5 (0.5)

  1. P-values vs. controls
  2. Abbreviations: VLBW Very Low Birth Weight, SGA Small for Gestational Age, NICU Newborn Intensive Care Unit, IVH intraventricular hemorrhage, BSID Bayley Scales of Infant Development, PDMS Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, CP Cerebral Palsy, WPPSI Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, WISC Wechsler intelligence scale for children, WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, SES Socioeconomic Status
  3. a From 8 pairs
  4. b Information on days in NICU or pediatric ward: n = 58 VLBW, max.: 160 days
  5. c Information on days with respiratory support (Ventilator or Continuous Positive Airway Pressure): n = 60 (No respiratory support: n = 22 (37%); One day respiratory support n = 15 (25%) max: 63 days; among those with respiratory support ≥1 day: n = 23 (38%), mean (SD): 9,0 days (14.2))
  6. d IVH Grading: No IVH: 50 (85%), grade 1: n = 4; grade 2: n = 2, grade 3: n = 1; grade 4: n = 2
  7. e WISC estimated from 4 subtests
  8. f Parental SES collected at 14 years for: n = 47 VLBW, 53 SGA, 72 control and supplemented at 19 years for n = 3 VLBW, 2 SGA, 2 control
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BMC Psychiatry

ISSN: 1471-244X

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