Skip to main content

Table 2 Gender difference in model estimates of time trends in log-odds by coercive measures (standard error in brackets)

From: Trends in the use of coercive measures in Finnish psychiatric hospitals: a register analysis of the past two decades

 

Any coercive measure

Seclusion

Limb restraints

Forced injection

Physical restraints

Reference group

 Intercept

−5.43(.795)‡

−5.92(.907) ‡

−6.49(1.04)‡

−7.62(.919)‡

−5.55(.757)‡

 Year

−.0014(.0136)

.012(.014)

−.014(.020)

.016(.016)

−.043(.022)*

 Year^2

−.0057(.0019)†

−.0072(.0020)†

−.014(.0006)‡

−.0057(.0023)*

−.0089(.0026)†

Female vs Reference

 Intercept

−.357(.014)‡

−.396(.017)‡

−.608(.022)‡

.093(.027)‡

.012(.050)

 Year

−.013(.002)‡

−.016(.002)‡

−.013(.003)‡

−.017(.003)‡

.0063(.0055)

 Year^2

.0008(.0003)†

.0009(.0004)†

.0005(.0006)

−.0007(.0062)

−.0008(.0011)

  1. Estimates were adjusted for age, gender and treatment periods of care providers using a multilevel logistic model with random intercepts and random slopes of linear and quadratic terms. The reference group consists of male patients of a median age of 40 from hospitals with minimum treatment periods in Southern Finland. The significant result was based on a Z-score test for each parameter estimate: ‡p < 0.001, †p < 0.01, *p < 0.05