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Table 2 Study designs and patient characteristics in k = 8 DTMS studies with H1-coil and k = 11 rTMS studies with F8-coil

From: Antidepressant outcomes of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with F8-coil and deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (DTMS) with H1-coil in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Sham-controlled RCT

Sample size baseline

Age all patients baseline (mean ± SD)

Female patients baseline

Concurrent antidepressants (% patients baseline)

Dropouts daily stimulation phase before session 10 (number of patients and reasons)

Treatment-resistance definition

Mean onset age (years)

Mean illness duration (years)

DTMS (H1-coil)

 Levkovitz et al., 2009 [15]; Israela,b

No

23

46

48%

0%

3 (all for reasons unrelated to treatment or a good response)

Did not respond to ≥2 antidepressant medications current episode

29

17

 Rosenberg et al., 2010 [16]; Israel

No

7

47 ± 12

14%

0%

0

Failed 2 antidepressant trials current episode

33

14

 Rosenberg et al., 2010 [17]; Israel

No

6

41 ± 13

67%

50%

0

Failed ≥2 antidepressant courses and ≥ 1 course of ECT

17

24

 Isserles et al., 2011 [18]; Israelc

No

25

45 ± 13

45%

100%

5 (1 seizure, 1 intolerance, 2 lack of response, 1 high motor threshold)

Failed ≥2 antidepressants

29

17

 Harel et al., 2014 [19]; Israelb

No

29

41 ± 11

48%

62%

3 (1 safety reasons <1st treatment, 2 non-compliance with study protocol)

Failed ≥1 pharmacological trial or intolerant to 2 antidepressants

24

17

 Levkovitz et al., 2015 [9]; multicentreb,d

Yes

89

45 ± 12

48%

0%

6 (1 seizure, 3 no improvement, 1 withdrawal of consent, 1 missed > 2 treatment days)

93% failed ≥1 medication

25

20

 Rapinesi et al., 2015 [20]; Italyb

No

9

54 ± 6

44%

89%

0

Failure to respond to ≥3 adequate doses of ≥2 classes antidepressants

45

9

 Rapinesi et al., 2015 [21]; Italyb,e

No

12

51 ± 8

42%

100%

0

Unsatisfactory response to ≥1 adequate course of antidepressant treatment current episode

34

17

rTMS (F8-coil)

 George et al., 1997 [22]; USAb,f

Yes

7

42 ± 16

86%

some

0

Received 1–21 previous medications

–

–

 Berman et al., 2000 [23]; USAb,d

Yes

10

45 ± 10

20%

0%

0

Failed ≥1 adequate pharmacologic trial current or previous episodes

20

25

 Catafau et al., 2001 [24]; Spainb

No

5

50 ± 8

60%

100%

0

HDRS17 score > 18 after ≥6 weeks of treatment

–

–

 Garcia-Toro et al., 2001 [25]; Spainb,d

Yes

17

52 ± 16

41%

100%

0

Failed 2 antidepressant trials for ≥6 weeks current episode

36

16

 Garcia-Toro et al., 2001 [26]; Spaind

Yes

11

43 ± 13

55%

100%

3 (no treatment-related adverse reactions)

Failed 1 antidepressant trial

–

–

 Boutros et al., 2002 [27]; USAd

Yes

12

49 ± 8

33%

100%

1 (worsening of depression)

Failed ≥2 prior medication trials of adequate length and dosages

–

–

 Bajbouj et al., 2005 [28]; Germany

No

30

46 ± 12

37%

40%

0

Some non-responders to current treatment with antidepressants

–

–

 Yukimasa et al., 2006 [29]; Japan

No

26

53 ± 18

58%

some

0

Failed ≥2 antidepressant trials of adequate duration and dosages

–

–

 Luborzewski et al., 2007 [30]; Germanyb

No

17

46 ± 11

12%

53%

0

Completed 3–19 antidepressant treatment trials

–

–

 Bakim et al., 2012 [31]; Turkeyb,g

Yes; 80%

12

39 ± 10

83%

100%

0

No response to adequate courses (≥6 weeks) of ≥2 different classes of antidepressants at optimal doses

36

3

 Bakim et al., 2012 [31]; Turkeyb,g

Yes; 110%

11

43 ± 8

91%

100%

0

No response to adequate courses (≥6 weeks) of ≥2 different classes of antidepressants at optimal doses

40

3

 Chen et al., 2013 [32]; Taiwand

Yes

10

44 ± 4

70%

100%

0

No response to 2 different antidepressants administered for 6 weeks each

–

–

  1. All studies include patients with MDD according to DSM-IV. Mean onset age = mean age – mean illness duration. Mean illness duration = mean age – mean onset age. aData from H1–120% group (other groups were stimulated with different H-coil types). bData from unipolar MDD patients. cData from the control group ‘No cognitive-emotional reactivation’ (other groups received cognitive-emotional priming prior to DTMS). dData from the active stimulation group. eData from MDD group without alcohol use disorders. fData from the active rTMS group at week 2, phase 1 (before cross-over). gData from two independent groups who received active rTMS with different resting motor thresholds: 80% or 110%
  2. Abbreviations: DTMS deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, ECT electroconvulsive therapy, F8 figure-of-eight coil (rTMS), H1 H1-coil (DTMS), HDRS Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, k number of studies, MDD major depressive disorder, RCT double-blind randomised-controlled trial with an inactive sham group, rTMS repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, SD standard deviation