Table 3 Multivariate analysis with significant risk factors for impaired maternal bonding in univariable analysis, without adjusted depression and adjusted with depression
Variable | Multivariate analysis1) without adjusted depression | Multivariate analysis1) adjusted with depression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderate | High | Moderate | High | |
OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
1–2. Parity | ||||
Multipara | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Primipara | 1.83 (1.22–2.76)* | 2.47 (1.19–5.13)* | 1.85 (1.22–2.81)* | 1.97 (0.92–4.23) |
1–3. Maternal feeling about pregnancy | ||||
Delighted | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Negative feeling (Unintended/worried) | 1.53 (0.99–2.35) | 2.40 (1.17–4.96)* | 1.46 (0.94–2.28) | 2.16 (1.02–4.56)* |
1–4. Maternal stress symptoms | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 0.36 (0.08–1.56) | 2.58 (0.86–7.73) | 0.22 (0.03–1.65) | 1.85 (0.57–5.98) |
1–5. Perceived maternal mental illness pregnancy before | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 0.90 (0.26–3.13) | 2.71 (0.82–8.92) | 0.35 (0.05–2.68) | 2.13 (0.59–7.71) |
2–1. Infant Sex | ||||
Boy | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Girl | 1.06 (0.71–1.59) | 0.89 (0.44–1.84) | 1.09 (0.72–1.65) | 0.83 (0.39–1.77) |
2–2. Birth weight | ||||
≥ 2500 g | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
< 2500 g | 1.06 (0.49–2.32) | 1.96 (0.70–5.51) | 0.99 (0.44–2.27) | 1.95 (0.67–5.68) |
3–1. Postpartum depression | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 1.07 (0.43–2.65) | 7.85 (3.44–17.90)*** | ||
4–2. Feeding style | ||||
Only Breast feeding | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Only Bottle feeding | 1.34 (0.76–2.37) | 1.13 (0.39–3.28) | 1.21 (0.67–2.20) | 0.98 (0.33–2.95) |
Breast and bottle feeding | 1.18 (0.72–1.94) | 2.14 (0.97–4.71) | 1.09 (0.65–1.82) | 1.72 (0.75–3.94) |