Table 4 Psychoactive substances according to suicide method, n (%)
Intentional self-poisoning ICD-10: X60-X69 | Intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation and suffocation. ICD-10: X70 | Other intentional self-harm ICD-10: X71-X75, X78, X80-X84, X870 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Norway n = 37 | Sweden n = 56 | Norway n = 44 | Sweden n = 67 | Norway n = 55 | Sweden n = 69 | |
Ethanol | 14 (38) | 22 (39) o | 10 (23) | 26 (39) | 12 (22) | 25 (36) |
Opioids | 12 (32) | 19 (34) o | 3 (7) | 2 (3) | 1 (2) | 6 (9) |
Heroin/morphine | 4 (11) | 3 (5) | 2 (5) | 0 | 1 (2) | 1 (1) |
Other opioidsa | 9 (24) | 18 (32) | 2 (5) | 2 (3) | 0 | 5 (7) |
Cannabinoids | 0 | 2 (4)o | 4 (9) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 0 |
Psychostimulantsb | 5 (14) | 1 (2)* | 5 (11) | 3 (5) | 0 | 2 (3) |
Benzodiazepines, z-drugsc | 23 (62) | 26 (46)o | 12 (27) | 13 (19) | 11 (20) | 10 (15) |
Sedative antihistaminesd | 4 (11) | 23 (41)** | 3 (7) | 4 (6) | 2 (4) | 6 (9) |
Antidepressants | 13 (35) | 23 (41)o | 8 (18) | 16 (24) | 9 (16) | 17 (25) |
SSRI/SNRI | 8 (22) | 18 (32) | 6 (14) | 16 (24) | 7 (13) | 16 (23) |
Other antidepressants | 7 (19) | 12 (21) | 2 (5) | 1 (2) | 3 (6) | 4 (6) |
Antipsychotics | 9 (24) | 4 (7)* | 3 (7) | 1 (2) | 4 (7) | 1 (1) |
Antiepilepticse | 6 (16) | 7 (13)o | 1 (2) | 3 (5) | 0 | 1 (1) |
Other/unspecified psychoactive agentf | 4 (11) | 3 (5)o | 2 (5) | 1 (2) | 6 (11) | 1 (1) |
Any psychoactive agent | 32 (87) | 55 (98)* | 26 (59) | 41 (61) | 32 (58) | 46 (67) |