Table 1 Caregivers’ Adverse Childhood Experiences

Neglect

%

1 Physical neglect

1. Caregiver not give you enough food or sending you to school even it could easily been done; too drunk/ intoxicated by drugs to take care of you (any 3 items)

38.5

2 Emotion neglect

2. Caregiver not understand your problems/worries, knowing what you were doing with your free time (any 2 items)

42.6

3  One or no parents, parental separation or divorce

1. Parents ever separated/divorced, or father/mother/guardian die (any 2 items)

53.8

4  Alcohol/drug abuser in the household

2. Live with a household member who was a problem drinker, alcoholic, or misused street/prescription drugs (1 item)

44.1

5  Someone chronically depressed, mentally ill

3. Live with a household member who was depressed, mentally ill, or suicidal (1 item)

21.7

6  Incarcerated household member

4. Live with a household member who ever sent to jail or prison (1 item)

19.6

7  Household member treated violently

1. See or hear a parent/household member being yelled at/screamed at/sworn at/ insulted or humiliated; being slapped/kicked/punched/beaten up; or being hit/cut with an object (any 3 items)

74.8

8  Emotion abuse

2. You being yelled/screamed/sworn/insulted or humiliated, or being threaten/abandon, thrown out by parents/guardian (any 2 items)

38.0

9  Physical abuse

3. You being spanked/ slapped/kicked/ punched/beaten up; or being hit/cut with an object by parents/guardian (any 2 items)

39.2

10  Bullying many time

1. Being bullied (1 item)

22.4

11  Community violence

2. See or hear someone being beaten up, stabbed, short, or being threatened with a knife or gun in real life (any 3 items)

44.6

12  Collective violence

3. Force to go and live in other place; family member or friend killed or beaten up by soldiers, police, gangs, or militia (any 4 items)

39.6

13  Contact sexual abuse

1. Someone touch/fondle you, make you touch their body, attempt oral/anal/vaginal intercourse with you, or actually have intercourse with you in a sexual way when you did not want them to (any 4 item)

16.0

Nnumber of ACE Risk By Domain

Mean (SD)

Neglect (score 0–2)

• Physical + Emotional Neglect

0.81 (0.72)

Psychological distress of family members (score 0–4)

• One or no parent + substance abuse + mental ill + incarcerated household member

1.38 (1.09)

Violence at home (score 0–3)

• Emotion abuse + physical abuse + household member treated violently

1.52 (1.04)

Violence in community (score 0–3)

• Bullying + community + collective violence

1.06 (0.90)

Total # ACE risk (0–13)

13 areas in ACEs

4.93 (2.52)