From: Associations between health-related self-efficacy and suicidality
 | Life time suicide ideation | OR (95% CI); p value | Suicide attempt | OR (95% CI); p value | Future suicide intent | OR (95% CI); p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No n (%) | Yes n (%) | Â | No n (%) | Yes n (%) | Â | No n (%) | Yes n (%) | Â | |
Gender | |||||||||
 Female | 955 (85.1) | 167 (14.9) | Ref | 1086 (96.8) | 36 (3.2) | Ref | 1105 (98.5) | 17 (1.5) | Ref |
 Male | 889 (90.0) | 99 (10.0) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8); p = 0.001 | 968 (98.0) | 20 (2) | 0.6 (0.4–1.1); p = 0.10 | 972 (98.4) | 18 (1.8) | 1.0 (0.5–2.1); p = 0.86 |
Age | |||||||||
 15–29 | 382 (90.1) | 42 (9.9) | Ref | 415 (97.9) | 9 (2.1) | Ref | 421 (99.3) | 3 (0.7) | Ref |
 30–59 | 947 (86.0) | 154 (14.0) | 1.5 (1.0–2.1); p = 0.03 | 1074 (97.5) | 27 (2.5) | 1.2 (0.5–2.5); p = 0.70 | 1080 (98.1) | 21 (1.9) | 2.7 (0.8–9.1); p = 0.10 |
 60 & above | 515 (88.0) | 70 (12.0) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8); p = 0.30 | 565 (96.6) | 20 (3.4) | 1.6 (0.7–3.6); p = 0.22 | 576 (98.5) | 9 (1.5) | 2.1 (0.6–8.1); p = 0.24 |
Education | |||||||||
 School level | 1016 (86.6) | 157 (13.4) | 1.0 | 1130 (96.3) | 43 (3.7) | 1.0 | 1152 (98.2) | 21 (1.8) | 1.0 |
 College & above | 828 (88.4) | 109 (11.6) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1); p = 0.23 | 924 (98.6) | 13 (1.4) | 0.4 (0.2–0.7); p = 0..001 | 925 (98.7) | 12 (1.3) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5); p = 0.38 |
Marital status | |||||||||
 Single/Married | 1742 (88.0) | 237 (12.0) | 1.0 | 1936 (97.8) | 43 (2.2) | 1.0 | 1947 (98.4) | 32 (1.6) | 1.0 |
 Divorced/Widowed/ Separated | 97 (77.0) | 29 (23.0) | 2.2 (1.4–3.4); p = 0.001 | 113 (89.7) | 13 (10.3) | 5.2 (2.7–9.9), p < 0.001 | 125 (99.2) | 1 (0.8) | 0.5 (0.06–3.5); p = 0.71 |
Substance abuse | |||||||||
 No | 1810 (88.3) | 239 (11.7) | 1.0 | 2001 (97.7) | 48 (2.3) | 1.0 | 2021 (98.4) | 28 (1.4) | 1.0 |
 Yes | 34 (55.7) | 27 (44.3) | 6.0 (3.5–10.1); p < 0.001 | 53 (86.9) | 8 (13.1) | 6.3 (2.8–13.9); p < 0.001 | 56 (91.8) | 5 (8.2) | 6.4 (2.4–17.3); p = 0.002 |
Psychological distress | |||||||||
 No | 1608 (90.6) | 166 (9.4) | 1.0 | 1746 (98.4) | 28 (1.6) | 1.0 | 1763 (99.4) | 11 (0.6) | 1.0 |
 Yes | 217 (69.1) | 96 (30.9) | 4.3 (3.2–5.7); p < 0.001 | 286 (91.1) | 28 (8.9) | 6.1 (3.5–10.4); p < 0.001 | 132 (89.2) | 20 (6.4) | 10.9 (5.1–22.9); p < 0.001 |
Poor Self-rated mental health | |||||||||
 No | 1616 (89.9) | 181 (10.1) | 1.0 | 1767 (98.3) | 30 (1.7) | 1.0 | 1784 (99.3) | 13 (0.7) | 1.0 |
 Yes | 221 (72.7) | 83 (27.3) | 3.3 (2.5–4.5); p < 0.001 | 279 (91.8) | 25 (8.2) | 5.3 (3.1–9.1); p < 0.001 | 284 (93.4) | 20 (6.6) | 9.7 (4.7–19.6); p < 0.001 |
Poor self-rated physical health | |||||||||
 No | 1421 (90.7) | 145 (9.3) | 1.0 | 1538 (98.2) | 28 (1.8) | 1.0 | 1552 (99.1) | 14 (0.8) | 1.0 |
 Yes | 418 (78.0) | 118 (22.0) | 2.7 (2.1–3.6); p < 0.001 | 509 (95.0) | 27 (5.0) | 2.9 (1.7–4.9); p < 0.001 | 518 (96.6) | 18 (3.4) | 3.9 (1.9–7.9); p < 0.001 |
Health self-efficacy score | |||||||||
  > =80 | 1265 (91.9) | 111 (8.1) | Ref | 1358 (98.7) | 18 (1.3) | Ref | 1371 (99.6) | 5 (0.4) | Ref |
  < 80 | 515 (77.9) | 146 (22.1) | 3.2 (2.5–4.2); p < 0.001 | 627 (94.9) | 34 (5.1) | 4.1 (2.2–7.3) | 635 (96.1) | 26 (3.9) | 11.2 (4.2–29.3) |