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Table 2 Participant characteristics in k = 9 studies

From: Can deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (DTMS) be used to treat substance use disorders (SUD)? A systematic review

Study; country

n a

Age (years) Mean ± SD

Male n (%)

Use duration (years) Mean ± SD

Abstinence period

SUD, Comorbid diagnosis

Diagnostic system

Dropout rate acute (daily) phase n (%)

Alcohol

 Rapinesi et al., 2013 [17]; Italy

3

53 ± 6

2 (67%)

28 ± 15

1 month

AUD, DD

DSM-IV-TR

0 (0%)

 Rapinesi et al., 2014 [19]; Italy

1

56

1 (100%)

1

none

AUD, MDD suicidal ideation

–

0 (0%)

 Ceccanti et al., 2015 [20]; Italy

9 DTMS

9 sham

43 ± 11

47 ± 11

9 (100%)

9 (100%)

26 ± 9

25 ± 11

11 days

AUD

DSM-IV

4/9 (44%)b

3/9 (33%)

 Girardi et al., 2015 [21]; Italy

10

53 ± 8

5 (50%)

10 ± 5

1 month

AUD, DD

DSM-IV-TR

0 (0%)

 Rapinesi et al., 2015 [22]; Italy

11

54 ± 8

6 (54%)

19 ± 8

1 month

AUD, MDD

DSM-IV-TR

0 (0%)

 Addolorato et al., 2017 [25]; Italy

5 DTMS

6 sham

–

4 (80%)

5 (83%)

–

none

AUD

DSM-V

0 (0%)

Nicotine

 Dinur-Klein et al., 2014 [18]; Israel

16 (10 Hz + cue)

16 (10 Hz –cue)

7 (1 Hz + cue)

7 (1 Hz –cue)

15 (sham +cue)

16 (sham –cue)

50 ± 12

50 ± 9

48 ± 11

50 ± 12

52 ± 11

50 ± 8

11 (69%)

12 (75%)

4 (57%)

3 (43%)

10 (67%)

8 (50%)

42 ± 16

43 ± 21

40 ± 24

46 ± 26

37 ± 14

42 ± 14

≥1 h

none

–

38/115 (33%)c

Cocaine

 Bolloni et al., 2016 [24]; Italy

6 DTMS

4 sham

35

34

5 (83%)

3 (75%)

13

12

–

CUD

DSM-V

4/10 (40%)

4/8 (50%)

 Rapinesi et al., 2016 [23]; Italy

7

49 ± 9

7 (100%)

16 ± 11

–

CUD

DSM-IV-TR

0 (0%)

  1. aSample size in groups with SUDs who received DTMS or sham
  2. bDropout rate during 1–2 months of the study (during the acute and follow-up phases)
  3. cDropout rate from all groups (acute phase)
  4. AUD alcohol use disorder, CUD cocaine use disorder, DD dysthymic disorder, DTMS deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, k number of studies, MDD major depressive disorder, n sample size, SD standard deviation, SUD substance use disorder