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Table 2 Median levels (25th and 75th percentile) of peripheral circulating cytokines according to clinical characteristics of the included patients

From: The effect of trauma and alcohol on the relationship between level of cytokines and depression among patients entering psychiatric treatment

Variable

IL-1β (pg/mL)

 

IL-1RA (pg/mL)

 

TNF-α (pg/mL)

 

MCP-1 (pg/mL)

 

Median (25th, 75th percentile)

Sig.a

Median (25th, 75th percentile)

Sig.a

Median (25th, 75th percentile)

Sig.a

Median (25th, 75th percentile)

Sig.a

Demography

 Men

n = 36

0.003 (0.003, 0.130)

0.604

26.2 (17.8, 46.1)

0.804

0.080 (0.046, 1.390)

0.346

27.7 (15.3, 43.7)

0.069

 Women

n = 91

0.030 (0.003, 0.160)

27.5 (17.4, 40.3)

0.420 (0.046, 2.450)

21.1 (11.5, 32.6)

 Age

 

0.033

0.716

0.141

0.114

0.068

0.450

0.027

0.762

Psychometrics

 AUDIT (under cutoff score)

n = 95

0.003 (0.003, 0.160)

0.730

24.8 (16.5, 42.5)

0.342

0.420 (0.046, 1.930)

0.768

20.8 (11.4, 33.1)

0.497

 AUDIT (over cutoff score)

n = 32

0.050 (0.003, 0.128)

28.1 (20.5, 39.0)

0.420 (0.046, 2.393)

24.8 (10.4, 40.3)

 BDI-2 (minimal and mild depression)

n = 27

0.003 (0.003, 0.200)

0.840

24.0 (15.4, 41.1)

0.564

0.420 (0.046, 2.450)

0.973

23.7 (14.4, 40.4)

0.277

 BDI-2 (moderate and severe depression)

n = 100

0.025 (0.003, 0.130)

27.5 (17.5, 42.9)

0.245 (0.046, 2.108)

21.9 (12.4, 34.1)

Medication

 Anti-inflammatory drugs (no)

n = 108

0.003 (0.003, 0.130)

0.050 b

27.5 (17.4, 42.8)

0.634

0.180 (0.046, 2.008)

0.818

22.9 (13.2, 34.3)

0.095

 Anti-inflammatory drugs (yes)

n = 19

0.090 (0.003, 0.300)

24.8 (17.5, 34.3)

1.020 (0.060, 3.410)

22.2 (10.7, 38.6)

 Antidepressants (no)

n = 85

0.040 (0.003, 0.160)

0.510

27.5 (17.0, 42.5)

0.654

0.420 (0.046, 2.455)

0.370

24.3 (14.8, 37.9)

0.126

 Antidepressants (yes)

n = 42

0.003 (0.003, 0.133)

26.7 (19.6, 41.0)

0.185 (0.046, 1.250)

19.3 (10.6, 33.1)

History of trauma

 Childhood trauma (no)

n = 50

0.003 (0.003, 0.123)

0.379

24.5 (16.3, 39.4)

0.215

0.090 (0.046, 1.060)

0.060

23.8 (14.7, 37.7)

0.576

 Childhood trauma (yes)

n = 62

0.012 (0.003, 0.218)

28.1 (19.9, 41.3)

0.920 (0.046, 3.068)

22.9 (10.4, 36.9)

 Adult trauma (no)

n = 53

0.003 (0.003, 0.100)

0.235

22.8 (17.0, 35.5)

0.097

0.310 (0.046, 2.095)

0.786

23.3 (13.4, 33.1)

0.438

 Adult trauma (yes)

n = 59

0.060 (0.003, 0.170)

28.3 (18.7, 42.3)

0.420 (0.046, 2.450)

24.9 (10.7, 43.0)

 Any trauma (no)

n = 30

0.003 (0.003, 0.100)

0.154

21.7 (14.8, 30.7)

0.048 c

0.070 (0.046, 0.775)

0.033 d

23.5 (16.9, 32.7)

0.838

 Any trauma (yes)

n = 83

0.040 (0.003, 0.190)

28.4 (18.7, 42.1)

0.920 (0.046, 2.900)

23.7 (10.6, 38.6)

Main diagnosise

 Mood disorder (no)

n = 80

0.060 (0.003, 0.200)

0.037 f

27.1 (17.3, 41.7)

0.982

0.390 (0.046, 2.450)

0.634

22.8 (11.6, 38.4)

0.829

 Mood disorder (yes)

n = 32

0.003 (0.003, 0.060)

26.9 (20.4, 39.3)

0.310 (0.046, 2.045)

24.1 (14.1, 33.4)

 Anxiety disorder (no)

n = 55

0.003 (0.003, 0.090)

0.008 g

25.5 (17.5, 37.6)

0.325

0.060 (0.046, 1.780)

0.111

23.8 (13.9, 33.1)

0.740

 Anxiety disorder (yes)

n = 57

0.090 (0.003, 0.270)

29.3 (18.7, 44.1)

0.920 (0.046, 3.340)

23.3 (10.0, 43.0)

 Eating disorder (no)

n = 91

0.003 (0.003, 0.160)

0.429

28.1 (18.7, 42.1)

0.171

0.420 (0.046, 2.460)

0.561

23.7 (13.2, 38.6)

0.414

 Eating disorder (yes)

n = 21

0.003 (0.003, 0.115)

22.3 (15.7, 36.0)

0.100 (0.046, 1.905)

22.2 (11.8, 31.3)

  1. Notes: aSignificance levels for categorical variables were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test and for continuous variables with Spearman’s rho correlation. bPatients using anti-inflammatory drugs had higher levels of IL-1β. Exact p-value: 0.0498. c + dPatients with trauma history had higher levels of IL-1RA and TNF-α. eMain diagnosis: Mood disorders: F30-F34, Anxiety disorders: F40-F44, Eating disorders: F50.0-F50.3. fPatients with mood disorders had higher levels of IL-1β. gPatients with anxiety disorders had higher levels of IL-1β