| First Follow-Up (N = 2409) (47% With Persistent PTSD) | Second Follow-Up (N = 822) (71.2% With Persistent PTSD) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic* | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
Birth year | ||||
 Prior to 1960 | 2.34 | 1.68–3.54 | 2.68 | 1.53–4.68 |
 1960–1969 | 1.71 | 1.25–2.36 | 2.11 | 1.32–3.36 |
 1970–1979 | 1.42 | 1.11–1.83 | 1.40 | 0.91–2.14 |
 1980 or later | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
Pay grade | ||||
 Junior enlisted (E1–E4) | 2.10 | 1.50–2.93 |  |  |
 Senior enlisted (E5–E9) | 1.68 | 1.25–2.27 |  |  |
 Officer | 1.00 |  |  |  |
Deployment experiencea | ||||
 Nondeployed | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Deployed without combat | 0.56 | 0.36–0.90 | 0.91 | 0.33–2.51 |
 Deployed, low combat | 0.73 | 0.53–1.00 | 1.77 | 0.90–3.50 |
 Deployed, moderate combat | 1.72 | 1.39–2.12 | 1.44 | 0.98–2.12 |
 Deployed, high combat | 3.91 | 2.56–5.96 | 2.63 | 1.27–5.42 |
PTSD severity at baselineb | ||||
 Per 10 point change in score | 1.59 | 1.45–1.74 | 1.23 | 1.06–1.43 |
Multiple somatic symptoms score | ||||
  < 15 | 1.00 |  |  |  |
  ≥ 15 | 1.47 | 1.18–1.83 |  |  |
Depressionc | ||||
 No | 1.00 |  | 1.00 |  |
 Yes | 1.50 | 1.23–1.83 | 2.33 | 1.63–3.33 |
Physical assault | ||||
 No | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1.25 | 1.01–1.54 |  |  |
Sleep duration | ||||
  < 4 h per day |  |  | 1.75 | 1.15–2.69 |
 4–6 h per day |  |  | 1.08 | 0.74–1.58 |
  > 6 h per day |  |  | 1.00 |  |
Separation from military | ||||
 No |  |  | 1.00 |  |
 Yes |  |  | 1.57 | 1.12–2.21 |
Social support | ||||
 Not bothered/bothered a little |  |  | 1.00 |  |
 Bothered a lot |  |  | 1.51 | 1.09–2.10 |
Disabling injury/illness | ||||
 No | 1.00 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 1.35 | 1.11–1.66 |  |  |