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Table 1 Baseline sample characteristics

From: The protective role of religiosity against problem gambling: findings from a five-year prospective study

 

Overall

(n = 4121)

Males

(n = 1867)

Females

(n = 2253)

Age [M (SD)]

46.1 (14.1)

47.1 (14.7)

45.2 (13.6)

Overall religiositya [M (SD)]

12.1 (7.0)

10.8 (7.1)

13.1 (6.6)

Past year religious service attendanceb [N (%)]

 Missing

162 (3.9)

103 (5.5)

59 (2.6)

 Not at all

1654 (41.8)

758 (43.0)

896 (40.8)

 Low

1307 (33.1)

568 (32.2)

739 (33.7)

 Moderate

462 (11.7)

189 (10.7)

273 (12.4)

 High

536 (13.5)

249 (14.1)

287 (13.1)

Religious affiliation [N (%)]

 Missing

1 (0.0)

1 (0.0)

 Catholic

860 (29.0)

391 (22.3)

469 (22.5)

 Protestant

2269 (55.1)

977 (55.8)

1292 (62.1)

 Agnostic/atheist

331 (8.0)

195 (11.1)

136 (6.5)

 Otherc

372 (9.0)

189 (10.8)

183 (8.8)

 Prefer not to say

288 (7.0)

115 (6.2)

173 (7.7)

Education [N (%)]

 Less than high school

462 (11.2)

236 (12.6)

226 (10.0)

 High school

823 (20.0)

355 (19.0)

468 (20.8)

 Some post-secondary or technical school

1106 (26.8)

561 (30.0)

545 (24.2)

 Completed college/university or more

1730 (42.0)

715 (38.3)

1015 (45.0)

Annual household incomed [N (%)]

 $0 to $39,999.00

1402 (34.0)

557 (29.8)

845 (37.5)

 $40,000.00 to $79,999.00

1716 (41.6)

793 (42.5)

923 (40.9)

 $80,000.00 or more

1003 (24.3)

517 (27.7)

486 (21.6)

Marital status [N (%)]

 Never married

491 (11.9)

236 (12.6)

255 (11.3)

 Married or common-law

2944 (71.4)

1387 (74.3)

1557 (69.1)

 Divorced/separated/widowed

686 (16.6)

244 (13.1)

442 (19.6)

  1. aItems 2–8 of the Rohrbaugh Jessor Religiosity Scale
  2. bLow = categories “once” and “2 to 5 times” in the past year; Moderate = categories “6 to 10 times” and “once or twice a month”; High: categories “once a week” and “more than once a week”
  3. cOther’ religious affiliation includes Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu, Sikh, and other affiliations
  4. d‘Unsure’ responses (n = 129) were replaced by imputed values: if income stable in next 2 data waves then replaced with that value; elsewhere replaced with the mean of values from all other survey waves